Transportation infrastructure is a central instrument of Saudi Vision 2030 because it converts geography into tradable economic advantage. This review paper examines how road, rail, port, airport, dry port, logistics zone, and digital freight systems can strengthen regional economic integration in Saudi Arabia and the wider Gulf. The paper synthesizes recent policy reports, corridor studies, and transport sustainability literature published between 2020 and 2025. It argues that infrastructure development supports integration through five linked mechanisms: lower trade costs, reliable multimodal connectivity, wider market access, industrial clustering, and coordinated governance. Saudi Arabia’s location between Asia, Africa, and Europe gives the Kingdom a strategic opportunity to become a regional logistics platform, but the opportunity depends on the quality of connections between physical assets, customs systems, private operators, and regional partners. The review finds that transport investments generate the highest integration value when they are planned as economic corridors rather than isolated projects. Rail freight, modern ports, airports, and logistics zones can expand non-oil exports, support tourism and manufacturing, improve supply chain resilience, and reduce regional disparities. However, implementation risks remain, including high capital costs, uneven regional capacity, regulatory fragmentation, environmental pressure, and skills shortages. The paper proposes a corridor-based framework that aligns Vision 2030 infrastructure with trade facilitation, digital logistics, sustainability, and inclusive regional development. The study contributes a structured review model for policymakers and researchers assessing transport-led integration in emerging hub economies.