Saudi Arabia’s industrial economy is quietly underpinned by energy pipelines. But rapid gas-network expansion, decarbonisation commitments, hotter operating environments and the need to extract more value from long-lived assets are redefining reliability. In this review, advanced pipeline technologies and lifecycle management are discussed as potential ways to improve the reliability of the energy infrastructure in the Kingdom while supporting Vision 2030, the Saudi Green Initiative and circular-carbon targets. We used a structured review methodology to synthesise literature and industry evidence published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on leak detection, corrosion prediction, non-metallic materials, digital twins, risk-based inspection, drone/robotic surveillance, and life-cycle carbon accounting. The review shows that reliability is most improved when technologies are not adopted as isolated tools but are embedded in decisions on design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance and renewal. Distributed fiber-optic sensing provides continuous monitoring along extended corridors; SCADA and IoT platforms enhance situational awareness; machine-learning models aid in corrosion and failure prediction; and digital twins integrate design data, inspection histories, hydraulic simulations, and maintenance planning. These capabilities are particularly relevant in Saudi Arabia, as new gas pipelines, hydrogen ambitions, remote desert routes, and industrial-zone demand call for high availability and faster fault localisation. This paper presents a lifecycle reliability framework and a technology-integration matrix for pipeline operators in Saudi Arabia. It concludes that the reliability of Saudi energy infrastructure will depend on four enablers: data governance, localised technical capacity, risk-based investment prioritisation and lifecycle performance metrics that balance safety, availability, emissions and cost.