English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is increasingly important in technical and vocational education because employment requires not only professional qualifications but also the ability to perform specific workplace tasks effectively. Such tasks include completing safety forms, responding to customer inquiries, and communicating with colleagues. Accordingly, this literature review examines how ESP can strengthen career readiness among TVET students in Saudi Arabia and contribute to their broader employability. Career readiness is treated as preparation for entering the workplace, whereas employability refers to the broader capacity to obtain, perform in, and sustain employment. The review considers these concepts in relation to the Kingdom's Vision 2030 goals for human capability development and labor-market participation. It analyzes scientific studies, books, policy documents, and articles published between 2020 and 2025 on TVET reform, language-enabled learning, career readiness, and graduate employability. The review follows a structured approach organized around five areas: needs analysis, curriculum design, workplace communication, innovative technologies, and assessment. The findings indicate that ESP can improve career readiness through industry-specific education aligned with occupational standards, while also supporting longer-term employability outcomes. Key priorities include systematic needs analysis, instructor preparation, authentic workplace practice, accessible learning resources, and evaluation of communication performance.