Phosphate beneficiation process tailings are fine particles that greatly impact the efficiency of metallurgical recoveries, water resource management, and tailings storage facility performance. Current conventional approaches to sustainability in the mining sector often involve qualitative commitments rather than quantitative operational performance indicators. This research has proposed an integrated Key Performance Indicator (KPI) framework for phosphate beneficiation process tailings, which connects metallurgical recoveries, water resource management, and tailings storage facility capacity optimization. The proposed integrated Key Performance Indicator framework is applicable to three operational performance domains. In the metallurgical recovery’s domain, KPI-1 is proposed for measuring the improvement in metallurgical recoveries through the reduction of tailings grade. The reduction of the grade of phosphate tailings from the flotation process from 6.5% to 4.5% P2O5 is estimated to improve point flotation recoveries by 3.64%, which is equivalent to extending mine life by 3-5%. In the water resource domain, KPI-2 is proposed for measuring the improvement in thickener hydraulic performance. Using the proposed thickener hydraulic performance equation, it is shown that increasing tailings underflow density from 1.40 t/m3 to 1.46 t/m3 is equivalent to increasing water recoveries by 18 m3/h, which is equivalent to approximately 0.158 million m3/year. In the tailings storage facility domain, the proposed integrated Key Performance Indicator framework connects the proposed operational performance indicators through tailings storage facility capacity optimization. In the proposed integrated Key Performance Indicator framework, a governance-ready Key Performance Indicator dashboard is proposed for translating engineering performance outcomes into quantitative sustainability performance indicators for ESG reporting.