The management of oil and gas revenue in Nigeria has significant implications for environmental sustainability. This study adopts a qualitative research design, employing descriptive and explanatory approaches to analyze the relationship between oil and gas revenue management and environmental sustainability. Findings indicate that mismanagement of oil and gas revenues contributes substantially to environmental degradation, particularly in the Niger Delta Region. Studies reveal that a large portion of oil and gas revenues is misallocated to non-productive or unsustainable ventures, limiting resources for environmental restoration and exacerbating issues such as oil spills, gas flaring, and deforestation. This aligns with the resource curse theory, which posits that resource-rich nations often face governance challenges that hinder sustainable development. A weak regulatory framework further exacerbates the problem, as Nigeria's environmental policies lack stringent enforcement mechanisms. Despite the establishment of agencies like the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA), corruption and political interference undermine their effectiveness. Additionally, high levels of corruption reduce the impact of environmental spending, resulting in poorly executed or abandoned remediation projects. Empirical studies confirm that oil and gas revenues are rarely reinvested in sustainable development initiatives, with less than 5% allocated to green energy projects. Instead, subsidies for fossil fuel consumption continue to perpetuate environmental harm and hinder Nigeria's transition to a low-carbon economy. The study further highlights the socio-economic consequences of revenue mismanagement, particularly the adverse effects on local communities. Insufficient revenue allocation for health and environmental services exposes communities to pollution-related illnesses and socio-economic instability, fuelling unrest in the Niger Delta. The findings express the necessity for a multi-faceted approach that enhances governance, strengthens regulatory enforcement, and prioritizes sustainable investment strategies. Policy reforms, including increased allocation of oil revenues to green energy initiatives and equitable revenue-sharing mechanisms, are critical for ensuring long-term environmental sustainability in Nigeria's oil and gas sector.