The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by crude oil spills is a pervasive issue in Nigeria's oil-producing regions, where waterways are frequently polluted with hydrocarbons, a primary constituent of crude oil. This study examined the phycoremediation capabilities of Chlorella vulgaris using established protocols. The algae isolated from freshwater samples were confirmed to be C. vulgaris. The results of the screening test revealed the organism's capacity to degrade heavy crude oil, as evidenced by varying levels of turbidity in the mineral salts-oil medium. Over a 47-day period, the pH of the mineral salts-oil medium decreased progressively, transitioning from neutral to acidic levels, ultimately reaching a pH of 4.1. Conversely, the absorbance of the medium increased over the same period, indicating C. vulgaris growth. Notably, the residual oil content in the mineral salts-crude oil medium decreased substantially, with a degradation rate of 80%. This study demonstrates the potential of C. vulgaris in phycoremediation of crude oil spills in Nigeria.
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) is the most important aromatic and medicinal plant in the world grown for its essential oil predominantly extracted from its aromatic leaves and inflorescence. The experiment was conducted with irrigation supplement during the 2017, and 2018 cropping seasons at the Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center experimental field in Southern Ethiopia. One of the study's goals was to investigate the ideal plant spacing and harvesting age for lavender growth, yield, and yield components under supplemental irrigation circumstances. Three levels of harvesting ages following transplant (9, 10, and 11 months after transplanting (MAT)) and four levels of intra-row spacing (45, 60, 75, and 90 cm) with an inter-row spacing of 60 cm made up the experiment. Three replications were used in the factorial arrangement in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment. The combined analysis's findings showed that the number of branches per plant, fresh leaves and inflorescence weight/plant, fresh leaves and inflorescence yield/ha, and essential oil yield/ha were all significantly impacted by plant spacing. Conversely, it had no discernible impact on the amount of essential oil or plant height. Plant height, fresh leaf, and inflorescence weight/plant, inflorescence yield/ha, and essential oil yield/ha were significantly impacted by harvesting age, but not the number of branches/plants. Fresh leaf and inflorescence yield/ha and essential oil yield/ha were significantly influenced by the interaction of plant spacing and harvesting age. The highest essential oil yield/ha (98.72 kg) and fresh leaf and inflorescence yield/ha (24.56 t) were achieved at 10 MAT and 60*45 cm spacing. Conversely, the 60*90 cm spacing and 11 MAT had the lowest essential oil yield/ha (34.42 kg). Therefore, it is highly recommended to grow Lavender with a supplement of irrigation at Wondo Genet and a place that has the same agroecology with a spacing of 60*45 cm and harvest it at 10 MAT to get the highest essential oil yield/ha.
Ugochinyere Princess Eleke, Winifred Ifeoma Lai-Solarin, Joseph Bamidele, Oluwamayowa Joseph Joel, Ayoola Faith Joel, Samson Olayemi Sennuga
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(6): 199-217
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i06.004
This study examines the influence of ICT-based training on livestock production efficiency among farmers in Bwari Area Council, with a focus on socio-economic characteristics, ICT knowledge post-training, productivity impact, effectiveness factors, and preferred ICT tools. Using a multi-stage sampling approach, 250 livestock farmers were selected. Primary survey were collected and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics to meet the research objectives. The socio-economic analysis reveals a farming population primarily composed of middle-aged individuals (mean age 41.7 years), with 72% male and 64% married. Education levels varied, with 38% having secondary education. Post-training evaluations indicated that 80% of farmers were proficient in SMS alerts for disease management, 72% confident in mobile applications, and 70% experienced productivity gains using ICT tools. ICT training was found to positively impact areas like increasing awareness of government programs and subsidies (3.4), scheduling vaccinations accurately (3.3), disease prevention (3.2), and record-keeping (3.1) and feeding practices (3.0), preparing and storing livestock feeds (2.9), etc. Logit regression analysis identified significant factors influencing ICT effectiveness, including educational level (p=0.010), cooperative membership (p = 0.012), household size (p=0.032), contact with extension agents (p=0.011), and access to credit (p = 0.002), while gender, marital status, and farm size were non-significant. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance analysis ranked mobile applications, SMS alerts, and radio broadcasts as the most effective ICT tools, demonstrating high consensus. Partnerships with telecommunication companies and government initiatives is recommended to address connectivity barriers, ensuring that all farmers can fully utilize digital tools in their livestock management practices.
Soil health is vital for ecosystem functioning, agriculture, and human well-being, yet heavy metal contamination poses significant risks to environmental and public health. This review examines various methods for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils, focusing on physical, chemical, and biological remediation techniques. Sources of contamination, including industrial activities, mining, and improper waste disposal, are discussed, alongside the environmental and health impacts of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury. Physical techniques such as soil washing and excavation effectively reduce contamination but generate secondary waste and incur high costs. Chemical methods, including soil stabilization and chemical leaching, immobilize or extract metals but may risk recontamination. Biological approaches like phytoremediation and bioremediation leverage natural processes for eco-friendly remediation, though they often require longer timescales for significant results. Emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology and biochar application, show promise for enhancing remediation efficacy. However, challenges remain, including economic constraints, regulatory inconsistencies, and the need for sustainable, long-term solutions. Future directions include integrating various remediation techniques, developing eco-friendly technologies, and emphasizing long-term monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of remediation efforts. This comprehensive overview aims to inform future research and policy development to address heavy metal contamination sustainably.
Double-cropping of cereals with legumes is a usual practice by small-holder farmers in southern parts of Ethiopia but crop compatibility and sequencing are the major problems for their soil fertility as well as profitability. Thus, it was important to conduct research on double cropping systems that can make the farmers more profitable on small land to reduce crop failure with current climate change. Thus, an experiment was done to evaluate the effects of these crops as double cropping on the productivity of tef and to evaluate the agronomic and economic value of common bean-tef in double cropping system for an improved production system at Shashemene district during the cropping season of 2022 and 2023 using RCBD design. The experiment consisting of twelve treatments including one common bean and three N rate with three tef varieties was sowed as the preceding and succeeding crop respectively and three sole tef varieties used as a control. The preceding crop the Hawassa dume common bean variety had 8 ton/ha dry biomass and 35 Qt/ha grain yield. The variance analysis showed that all the growth and yield parameters of tef except harvest index were significant such as Plant Height, Panicle Length, Straw Yield, Biomass yield, Grain Yield (p<0.05).
Ezike, D. N, Fadiji, T. O, Onjewu, S. S, Abubakar, T. T, Mohammed, A. U
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(6): 172-181
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i06.001
The study focused on assessment of socioeconomic determinants of maize production among smallholder farmers in Nasarawa State. A multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of 171 small holder farmers for the study. A well-structured questionnaire containing both open and closed ended questions was used to collect the data for the study descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequencies and multiple regression analysis were used to achieve the objectives of the study. The socioeconomic result of the smallholder maize farmers in showed that the majority (36.3%) of the farmers were within the age range of 31-40 years of age and were mostly 76.6%) male farmers with the majority married and literate. Also, a greater number (66.1%) were members of association, 71.3% had farming experience between the range of 16-20 years with household size of 4-6, cultivating average farm size of 2-3 acres, had good contact with extension agents though only 4.1% had access to credit facility. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that farm size, educational status and household size have positive significant effect on the output of maize at 1% and 10% level of significance respectively. The maize production technologies adopted by the majority (88.4%) of the farmers were herbicides and improved variety while the major constraints were high cost of labour, high cost of inputs and poor credit facility. The federal Government should create an enabling environment that guarantees available farmland to farmers since farm size is a critical determinant to maize production.
Nishtiman Y. Mosa, Basim. S. A. Al-Sulivany, Zeliha Selamoglu
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(5): 154-171
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i05.006
Water is sourced from various locations, including lakes, wells, artificial reservoirs, and rivers. Contamination of these sources poses a significant threat to human health, highlighting the need to monitor water quality. This study focuses on evaluating the water quality in the Duhok governorate of the Kurdistan region, Iraq, by analyzing several key physicochemical parameters: turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), sodium (Na⁺), and potassium (K⁺). Over a period spanning from January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 1,374 water samples were collected from different sources, including reservoirs, deep wells, springs, the Duhok dam, and the water supply network within the Duhok governorate. The analysis revealed that parameters such as turbidity, pH, TH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, and Na⁺ varied significantly across the three years studied. In contrast, other parameters like TDS, EC, TAL, Cl⁻, and K⁺ showed no significant fluctuations. The results also indicated a decrease in most physicochemical parameter values in 2021 compared to 2019 and 2020, with the exception of turbidity. Overall, the majority of water samples were found to be within safe drinking limits. Ongoing monitoring of these water sources is essential to detect any variations in water quality promptly.
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Dr. R Anandan
Associate Editorial Board
Principal Scientist & ICAR-National Fellow Biochemistry & Nutrition Division ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682029, India Email: kranandan@rediffmail.com
Prof. Mohammed Nader Shalaby
Associate Editorial Board
Associate Professor of Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt Email: dr.m.nader@hotmail.com
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Professor of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Email: aaghazy7@hotmail.com
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School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, India Email: sanjayswamionline@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan - INDIA Email: ranger0392@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur, Thoothukudi Dt, Tamilnadu, India Email: lings02@gmail.com
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Department of Biology, Saidpur Cantt Public College, Bangladesh Email: ashraful.mission@gmail.com
Prof. Dr. Ahmed El-Sayed Ismail
Associate Editorial Board
Plant Pathology Department, Nematology Laboratory, National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt Email: iismail2002@yahoo.co.uk
Dr. Iman Akbarpour
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Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology , Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Email: iman.akbarpour@gmail.com
Mrs. Bhagyashree Patil
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Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural process engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krish vidyapeeth, Akola Maharashtra India Email: bhagyashreepatil21@gmail.com
Dr. Md. Abdul Helim Khan
Associate Editorial Board
Senior Scientific Officer, On-Farm Research Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute 18, Charpara, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Email: helim1367@gmail.com
Dr. Sourabh Deori
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Animal Production Division ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Umiam, Meghalaya, INDIA - 793103 Email: sourabhd1@rediffmail.com
Prof. Ahmed RG
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Zoology Department, Faculty of science Beni-suef University, Beni-suef city, Egypt E-mails; ahmedragab08@gmail.com
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Associate Professor, Plant Geography, Flora and Vegetation, Member of The Centre for Middle Eastern Plants (CMEP) Al Baha University., Baljurashi Saudi Arabia Email: abdulwali20@yahoo.com
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