GAJRC | Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business

Journal Name:	Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business
Abbr. Title:	Glob Acad J Econ Buss
ISSN(Print):	2706-9001
ISSN(Online):	2707-2584
Frequency:	Bi-Monthly
Language:	English
Chief Editor:	Prof. P Malyadri
Publisher:	Scholars Middle East Publishers
Country of Origin:	United Arab Emirates

Journal Name:

Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business

Abbr. Title:

Glob Acad J Econ Buss

ISSN(Print):

2706-9001

ISSN(Online):

2707-2584

Frequency:

Bi-Monthly

Language:

English

Chief Editor:

Prof. P Malyadri

Publisher:

Scholars Middle East Publishers

Country of Origin:

United Arab Emirates

With the increasing complexity of multi-disciplinary project delivery and rising societal expectations, it is essential to deliver infrastructure that is not only timely but also sustainable Urban infrastructure in Saudi Arabia—including transportation, utilities, logistics, public spaces, and tourism facilities—is developed within the strategic context of Vision 2030, emphasizing governance, resilience, and localization. Traditional approaches to planning, scheduling, and change management are often insufficient to address the scale and interdependencies of such projects. This review paper aims to develop an integrated framework for sustainable urban infrastructure delivery in Saudi Arabia based on literature and policy analysis (2020–2025). In particular, strategic framework, which determines the value of project and stakeholder alignment, as well as scheduling, which is required for converting intentions into reality, and change management, which ensures performance amidst various types of changes, will be explored. In other words, this research aims at proving that sustainability in such projects is possible only if these three areas are addressed holistically. The research will propose an approach that consists of front-end planning, digital scheduling, governance-based change management, and sustainable performance management. In addition, several specificities of Saudi urban infrastructure delivery will be considered, such as giga-projects, regulatory interfaces, resilience requirements, supply chain dynamics, and digital maturity of organizations involved in delivery. Specific original models and tables will be offered to aid further implementation of this approach.

July 18, 2026

AI-Enabled Cloud Operations for Predictive Monitoring, Automation, and Service Reliability

Mohsin Tahir
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2026, 8(4): 713-722
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2026.v08i04.014

Cloud operations have become a strategic reliability function as enterprises move customer journeys, public services, industrial platforms and data products to hybrid and multi cloud environments. Traditional monitoring practices are no longer sufficient as cloud systems generate high-velocity telemetry from containers, serverless functions, networks, databases, identity services and user-facing applications. This review looks at how artificial intelligence for IT operations (AIOps) can improve predictive monitoring, controlled automation and service reliability. The paper uses a structured narrative review approach to synthesise literature, standards and implementation guidance published from 2020 to 2025. The review identifies five operational domains, namely observability engineering, incident prediction, root cause analysis, automated remediation, and governance for trustworthy operations. It argues that it is not possible to improve service reliability just through machine learning models, but also needs good telemetry, topology awareness, safe runbooks, cyber resilience, human validation and continuous feedback from incidents. Saudi Arabia is particularly relevant for AI-enabled cloud operations as Vision 2030 digital transformation, cloud-first adoption, smart city initiatives, financial technology, healthcare platforms and critical digital infrastructure require highly available and resilient services. The study proposes a layered architecture linking logs, metrics, traces and service dependency graphs with predictive analytics, automation policy and reliability dashboards. It also gives a maturity roadmap for organisations that want to transition from reactive monitoring to proactive, self-improving operations. The review concludes that AIOps can reduce mean time to detect and recover, improve capacity planning and support business continuity, provided that organisations treat automation as a governed socio-technical capability rather than a purely technical tool.

July 17, 2026

Sustainable Construction Practices for Tourism Infrastructure in Saudi Arabia: Integrating Quality Assurance, Risk Control, and Environmental Compliance

Waqar Hussnain
Glob Acad J Econ Buss; 2026, 8(4): 692-701
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajeb.2026.v08i04.012

Saudi Arabia's tourism infrastructure programme is reshaping the construction sector through destination-scale projects that combine luxury hospitality, mobility, utilities, housing, public realm, coastal conservation and worker-community services. Under Vision 2030, tourism infrastructure is not only a matter of asset delivery; it is also a national diversification mechanism that must support environmental stewardship, visitor experience, operational resilience and long-term regional value. This review paper examines sustainable construction practices for tourism infrastructure in Saudi Arabia with particular attention to the integrated role of quality assurance, risk control and environmental compliance. A narrative review approach was used to synthesize recent construction management, sustainable tourism, digital delivery and environmental governance literature from 2020 onward, supported by public information on Saudi Vision 2030 and Red Sea Global's regenerative tourism agenda. The review finds that sustainable tourism construction depends on treating quality, risk and environmental requirements as mutually reinforcing systems rather than separate departmental controls. Quality assurance reduces rework, protects operational performance and converts design intent into verifiable installation evidence. Risk control enables early attention to logistics, interface, climate, procurement and stakeholder uncertainties. Environmental compliance protects sensitive coastal and desert ecosystems through permit discipline, waste and water controls, biodiversity monitoring and responsible material choices. The paper proposes a lifecycle stage-gate framework that aligns strategic briefs, design approvals, procurement, construction, testing, handover and operations feedback. The study contributes a practical governance model for project directors, consultants, contractors and regulators working on sustainable tourism assets in Saudi Arabia and comparable emerging destinations.

Saudi Arabia’s industrial economy is quietly underpinned by energy pipelines. But rapid gas-network expansion, decarbonisation commitments, hotter operating environments and the need to extract more value from long-lived assets are redefining reliability. In this review, advanced pipeline technologies and lifecycle management are discussed as potential ways to improve the reliability of the energy infrastructure in the Kingdom while supporting Vision 2030, the Saudi Green Initiative and circular-carbon targets. We used a structured review methodology to synthesise literature and industry evidence published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on leak detection, corrosion prediction, non-metallic materials, digital twins, risk-based inspection, drone/robotic surveillance, and life-cycle carbon accounting. The review shows that reliability is most improved when technologies are not adopted as isolated tools but are embedded in decisions on design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance and renewal. Distributed fiber-optic sensing provides continuous monitoring along extended corridors; SCADA and IoT platforms enhance situational awareness; machine-learning models aid in corrosion and failure prediction; and digital twins integrate design data, inspection histories, hydraulic simulations, and maintenance planning. These capabilities are particularly relevant in Saudi Arabia, as new gas pipelines, hydrogen ambitions, remote desert routes, and industrial-zone demand call for high availability and faster fault localisation. This paper presents a lifecycle reliability framework and a technology-integration matrix for pipeline operators in Saudi Arabia. It concludes that the reliability of Saudi energy infrastructure will depend on four enablers: data governance, localised technical capacity, risk-based investment prioritisation and lifecycle performance metrics that balance safety, availability, emissions and cost.

Distance protection is a primary protection scheme for long extra-high-voltage transmission lines, but its performance can be significantly affected by harsh desert operating conditions. In desert regions, EHV lines are exposed to high ambient temperature, intense solar radiation, low humidity, wind variation, sand contamination, and wide daily thermal cycles. These factors influence conductor temperature, sag, resistance, line impedance, and the apparent impedance measured by distance relays. As conductor temperature increases, resistance rises and the relay impedance locus may shift, creating risks of under reach, overreach, delayed tripping, incorrect zone coordination, and inaccurate fault location. Long EHV lines are also affected by distributed capacitance, shunt compensation, mutual coupling, load encroachment, and high-resistance faults, which further complicate relay performance. This paper examines the influence of temperature, sag, and impedance drift on distance protection behavior in desert environments. It presents a technical review of operating challenges and proposes an adaptive protection framework based on conductor temperature monitoring, dynamic line rating data, weather sensors, relay event records, and periodic setting validation. The study concludes that environment-aware distance protection improves dependability, security, selectivity, and resilience of EHV transmission systems operating under severe desert conditions and supports reliable future grid operation.