Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME), sometimes referred to as secretory or severe otitis media, is among the most common conditions in children. An estimated 80% of all children have had at least 1 episode of OME by the age of 10 years, with a peak of prevalence in the first 2 years of life. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on otitis media with effusion in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-section observational study Rangpur Medical College & Hospital Rangpur, Bangladesh. The duration of the period from July 2021 to July 2022. A total of 80 children, Age <6 months or >12 years with Otomicroscopic evidence of tympanosclerosis, choesteatoma, eardrum perforation, or complete stenosis or atresia of the external auditory canal were included in the study. Severely ill children and not willing to participate were excluded. After collection, the data were checked and cleaned, followed by editing, compiling, coding and categorizing according to the objectives and variable to detect errors and to maintain consistency, relevancy and quality control. Statistical evaluation of the results used to be obtained via the use of a window-based computer software program devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS- 24). Results: Before pandemic 9.52% of the respondents had <3 years of age, 23.80% were 3-7 years, 57.14% were 7-10 years and 10% had 10-12 years of age. During pandemic 11.42% of the respondents had <3 years of age, 19.04% were 3-7 years, 61.90% were 7-10 years and 7.62% had 10-12 years of age. No significant difference in mean age before and during pandemic. Before pandemic 65% of the respondents were male and 35% were female. During pandemic 40% of the respondents were male and 60% were female. Before pandemic 28.57% respondents were underweight, 57.14% were in normal range and 14.28% were overweight. During pandemic 26.67% were underweight, 55.23% were in normal range and 18% were overweight. The prevalence of OME was 40.6% before pandemic and 2.3% during pandemic. Children with chronic OME had a higher rate of disease resolution during pandemic (95%) than those examined before pandemic (5%, P \.001). Conclusion: The findings of our study, in our opinion, have important clinical implications, implying that keeping children at home for as little as 2 months may allow for the resolution of most cases with severe and refractory OME. This method, while possibly advantageous for all age groups, should be given special consideration for young children, who are the most susceptible to otitis.

The presence of aortic regurgitation (AR) in the setting of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) has always been a management challenge. A 21-year-old male patient presented to the Cardiovascular surgery department with a restrictive perimembranous VSD with severe aortic regurgitation (AR). VSD was first diagnosed at 3 years of age. The surgical correction was decided when he was symptomatic of severe aortic regurgitation. Trans-aortic approach was performed to close the ventricular septal defect and correct the aortic regurgitation simultaneously. Surgical management was followed by a complete heart block.

Background: Osteometric dimensions of the femoral bone have significant clinical and anthropological implications. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on these dimensions specific to the Bangladeshi population. This study aims to fill this research gap by analyzing the osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femoral bone among a sample set in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in three medical colleges in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 50 dried femurs were collected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Osteometric measurements, including bicondylar width, medial and lateral condylar depths, intercondylar notch width, and intercondylar notch depth, were obtained using digital sliding calipers. Result: The study revealed notable differences in osteometric measurements between right and left femurs. For instance, 39.29% of right femurs had below-average Femoral Bicondylar Width (<65 mm) compared to 13.64% of left femurs. The mean Femur Medial Condylar Width was 31.05 mm with a standard deviation of 1.74 mm. Conclusion: The study provides valuable, region-specific osteometric data that has both clinical and anthropological implications. The findings are particularly important for the preparation of prosthetics and other supporting structures, which can be highly beneficial for both patients and medical practitioners.

Background: It is well known that patients with chronic hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) and kidney disease (CKD) have a strong risk of coronary artery disease. However, the excess risk of coronary artery disease in patients with CKD is only somewhat explained by the presence of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Objective: To find out the association between coronary artery diseases who have hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in a Tertiary medical college Bangladesh, the department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh during the period from July 2021 to June 2022. Total 150 patients with coronary artery disease were included as the study subjects for this study. Results: The majority of patients were above 60 years (49%), and 40-59 years old (37%), followed by 18-39 years (35%). The female patients (n=79) were 65.3%% and male patients (n=42) were 34.7%. Gender, age and DM, P value was significant with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease among coronary artery disease patients. Hypertension and DM also significant with predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on a representative sample of adults. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, coronary artery disease is currently a serious public health issue. The increased rate of CAD is assumed to be caused by rapid lifestyle changes, harmful behaviors like smoking and sedentary behavior, economic development, nutritional variables, and a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and CKD. To get more granular results, we would advise conducting comparable more experiments with bigger samples in more places.

Work-related stress is reportedly a very common issue among nurses in health care. This study was aimed at assessing the level of work-related stress among nurses in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Objectives were to: assess the level of work-related stress, compare the level of work-related stress among nurses across units/wards and assess for availability of stress reduction support systems. Cross sectional descriptive survey design was adopted with a sample size of 288 nurses. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data and data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages with the aid of SPSS version 23 and difference between variables was tested using T test. Majority (86.3%) of the nurses experienced severe stress, all respondents (100%) lacked support systems, and there was significant difference in the stress level between the units/wards. It was suggested, therefore, that a special reward/recognition should be introduced to nurses who were dedicated to their work, and more nurses employed to share the work burden, with occupational health services provided in the study center.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Objective: To see the comparison in hospital complications and mortality between diabetic and non-diabetic patients of acute anterior MI. Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet over a period of two years from July 2015 to June 2017. A total of 100 acute anterior MI patients (50 diabetic and 50 non diabetic) were included in this study. Acute anterior MI patients admitted after 6 hours of symptom onset or who did not receive streptokinase were excluded. Results: Male predominance was obvious in both groups [40 (80%) versus 42 (84%); p>0.05] in diabetic and non-diabetic group respectively. Mean age was 53.34 ± 11.32 and 54.84 ± 14.12 years in diabetic and non-diabetic groups respectively. Dyslipidemia [6 (12%) versus 6 (12%); p >0.05], Smoking [32 (64%) versus 34 (68%); p >0.05] and Family history of cardiovascular disease [6 (12%) versus 4 (8%); p >0.05] were similar among diabetic and non-diabetic respectively. Hypertension was found more among non-diabetic [27 (54%) versus 19 (38%); p>0.05] but difference was not statistically significant. Diabetic group had more acute MR [2 (4%) versus 0 (0%); p>0.05] but was not significant. Death was more in diabetic group than that of non-diabetic group [7 (14%) versus 3 (6%); p>0.05] but it was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Post MI angina was higher in diabetic than non-diabetic patients. Mechanical complications were also more in diabetic patients. However rate of reinfarction was higher among non-diabetic than that in diabetic patients. Mortality rate was higher in diabetic than that in non-diabetic patients. So, it may be concluded from the present study that in-hospital complications and mortality of acute anterior myocardial infarction are comparatively more in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients.

Introduction: Head injury is a significant public health problem worldwide. Traumatic head injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children and adults in their most productive years. The morbidity and mortality due to head injury is on the rise and is one of the prime importance in today’s medical practice. Objective: To assess the clinico-epidemiological study of fatal head injuries in an autopsy. Methods: The present study was conducted of the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to June 2022. Total 250 patients included in this present study. We selected only fatal head injury cases due to mechanical violence. However, we included severe facial injury cases too as these cases were associated with head injury. But, the present study doesn’t involve crushed head injury or survived cases, referred or LAMA cases brought in the hospital. Results: Maximum cases were seen in the age range of 21-30yrs, 57 cases (22.8%). Maximum cases were seen amongst males, 196 cases, 78.4%. The commonest causes of fatal head injuries are Road Traffic Accident (RTA) cases. Other important causes of fatal head injuries are fall from height, assault & railway accidents. External head injuries were mainly seen on frontal and parietal regions. Amongst the scalp injuries lacerations were very common seen in 114 cases, 36.19%. Skull bone fractures were frequently seen in fatal head injury cases. Presence of skull bone fractures are associated more frequently with fatal complications. Though linear fractures are common in general we observed the comminuted fractures as the commonest type of skull fractures in fatal head injury cases, seen in 73 cases, (58.4%). Depressed fractures were less common in fatal cases. Involvement of cranial fssa was seen in 108 cases. Linear type of fractures both transverse and horizontal type was more common seen in 66 coases amongst the 108 cases of cranial fossa involvement i.e. 61.11%. Involvement of middle cranial fossa was high seen in 45 cases of the 108 cases i.e. (41.66%). Presence of comminuted skull bone fractures is associated with higher rate of mortality. Conclusion: Most of the cases were due to road traffic c accidents and males are more prone to get Head injury. Other important causes of fatal head injuries are fall from height, railway accidents and assaults in descending order. To reduce the morbidity and mortality it’s high time for the concerned authority to take appropriate actions.