Abstract: Wheat is an excellent health-building food and is considered as good source of protein, minerals, B-group vitamins and dietary fiber. The quality and quantity characteristic of protein called gluten has make wheat as the principal cereal, being more widely used for the making of bread than any other cereal. Gluten makes bread dough stick together and gives it the ability to retain gas. Wheat has several medicinal virtues; starch and gluten in wheat provide heat and energy; the inner bran coats, phosphates and other mineral salts; the outer bran, the much-needed roughage the indigestible portion that helps easy movement of bowels; the germ, vitamins B and E; and protein of wheat helps build and repair muscular tissue. The whole wheat provides protection against diseases such as constipation, ischaemic, heart disease, disease of the colon called diverticulum, appendicitis, obesity and diabetes. However, the wheat germ, which is removed in the process of refining, is also rich in essential vitamin E, the lack of which can lead to heart disease. The loss of vitamins and minerals in the refined wheat flour has led to widespread prevalence of constipation and other digestive disturbances and nutritional disorders.

Abstract: Introduction: Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. These conditions are largely preventable once detected, and are treatable. Defective placentation and endothelial dysfunction leading to endothelial cell injury are considered as the core features of preeclampsia. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an intracellular enzyme and is responsible for interconversion of Pyruvate and Lactate in the cell. Several studies report that serum LDH level increases with severity of preeclampsia and shows significant correlation with high blood pressure and poor maternal and perinatal outcomes. Studies have shown that LDH activity and gene expression are higher in placentas of pre-eclampsia than normal pregnancy. They serve as indicators suggestive of disturbance of cellular integrity induced by pathological conditions and is used to detect cell damage or cell death. Objectives: To correlate level of LDH with severity and complications of preeclampsia and associated maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Material and Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted on 150 pregnant women in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, JNMCH AMU Aligarh U.P. Serum LDH was measured by continuous spectrophotometric method. Results: Higher levels of LDH were found in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia as compared to normal pregnant women. Maternal complications and adverse perinatal outcome were maximum in women with LDH>800 IU/L. Conclusion: LDH is an important prognostic marker of pregnancy induced hypertension. Elevated LDH levels may be considered as severe feature of preeclampsia.

Abstract: Background: On 31 December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China, and soon declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Afghanistan reported its first imported case in late February 2020. The aim of this study was to review and describe the epidemiological pattern of cases of COVID-19 during the first three months period of its spread in Afghanistan. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study to describe the cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in terms of time, place and person. Data were extracted from District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) databases developed and used by Ministry of Public Health between February 24 to June 04, 2020. The frequency of cases of COVID-19 infection and percentage of resulting mortality and case fatality rate were calculated and categorized by sex, age group, and provinces. Measures taken in response to pandemic were reported as well. Results: The first suspected case of COVID-19 was imported from Iran to Hirat province in Western Afghanistan, and confirmed by lab on 24 February in Afghanistan. On 22 March, the first official death due to COVID-19 was announced in Balkh, a Northern province and the two new cases in Kabul Province were announced both foreign diplomats After more than three months on 04 June totally 18.969 cases including 309 deaths were reported officially by Ministry of Public Health. Totally 45,139 samples have been tested by PCR and 42% were positive. Kabul, Hirat, Kandahar, Balkh and Paktia are the top high infected among 34 provinces. Average age of infected are 37 years with minimum of one year and maximum 100 years. Of total cases, 74% of new cases and 81% of deaths were males. Majority of cases (53%) were young in age group of 20 to 40 years. Majority of deaths occurred in age group of 50 years and older while there was just one case of death (2%) in age group of less than 30 years. Out of all cases, 1903 (13.7%) were hospitalized of whom 74% were males. Until now, 872 healthcare workers are infected of whom 13 are dead. Recovery rate is 9% and case fatality ratio is 1.63%. Conclusion: Like many developing countries with existing challenges of insecurity, poverty, and political uncertainty, Afghanistan has been burdened with epidemic of COVID-19 since February 2020. Higher morbidity was recorded in young population while increased rates of mortality were recorded in older groups. Further epidemiological studies are required to determine the various aspects of the disease burden in the country including risk factors for infection and short and long-term health outcomes of COVID-19 in Afghanistan.

Abstract: Introduction: Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia is one of the major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. These conditions are largely preventable once detected, and are treatable. Defective placentation and endothelial dysfunction leading to endothelial cell injury are considered as the core features of preeclampsia .Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an intracellular enzyme and is responsible for interconversion of Pyruvate and Lactate in the cell. Several studies report that serum LDH level increases with severity of preeclampsia and shows significant correlation with high blood pressure and poor maternal and perinatal outcomes. Studies have shown that LDH activity and gene expression are higher in placentas of pre-eclampsia than normal pregnancy. They serve as indicators suggestive of disturbance of cellular integrity induced by pathological conditions and are used to detect cell damage or cell death. Objectives: To correlate level of LDH with severity and complications of preeclampsia and associated maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Material and Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted on 150 pregnant women in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, JNMCH AMU Aligarh U.P. Serum LDH was measured by continuous spectrophotometric method. Results: Higher levels of LDH was found in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia as compared to normal pregnant women. Maternal complications and adverse perinatal outcome were maximum in women with LDH>800 IU/L. Conclusion: LDH is an important prognostic marker of pregnancy induced hypertension. Elevated LDH levels may be considered as severe feature of preeclampsia.

Abstract: Background: Water is basic human right which is required for the survival, sustainability and development of human’s life. A normal healthy person needs to drink about 8 glasses (2litres) of water per day but the importance of drinking adequate amount of water is often overlooked. The aim of the present study was to estimate the amount and pattern of drinking water consumed and various methods of water purification used by the residents of rural health training center (RHTC) area of Indira Gandhi medical college, Shimla. Material & Methods: It was a community based cross sectional survey conducted in RHTC area from August 2019 through September 2019 and included Population of all age groups residing in this area. Simple random Sampling was done for the selection of 400 Households. Statistical analysis was done by using Epi Info 7 software using appropriate tests. Results: Most of the participants belong to 20-59 years (64%) and were males (53.5%).Among the study participants, main source (75.5%) of drinking water supply was IPH (Irrigation & Public Health) which was household piped water supply and 49.5% participants used any method of water purification. Mean drinking water Consumption per day was 1.33±0.76 Liters / day and was significantly higher in males and in adults. Conclusion: Health promotion campaigns should be organized by the health care workers in this area to encourage the creation of an environment favoring drinking water consumption.

Abstract: Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy that can be associated with other autoimmune diseases including igA vasculitis: rheumatoid purpura. We report the case of a patient with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet who developed a rheumatoid purpura clinically suspect and confirmed by anatomopathological study of skin biopsies. Rheumatoid purpura in adults is a rare entity but possible as an association with celiac disease, the pathophysiology involves igA, the transferrin and transglutaminase receptors, the prognosis depends on the renal and digestive system, the treatment is often symptomatic.

Abstract: Introduction: whether they are occasional, frequent travelers, or are part of the flight crew, is no longer uncommon to meet pregnant women on flights, because air travel has become very common and accessible. Objective: study the different risks that pregnant women are exposed to during commercial flights, because traveling during pregnancy raises the question of safety for the fetus and the pregnant woman.Methods: Using the PUBMED database, a review of the literature was carried out, including articles from the 2000s to the present, with a search using four keyword combinations, which allowed us to collect 35 articles only in English. Results: Four main risks were identified. The ionizing risk due to cosmic radiation that exposes the risk of cancer and injury to DNA. The thromboembolic risk which is multifactorial and depends on the duration of flight, physiological changes in pregnancy and physical constraints related to flights.The risk of complicating pregnancy outcomes: premature birth, malformation, low birth weight, metrorrhagia. Finally, the physical risks associated with flights do not expose to particular complications. Conclusion: Until 36 SA, Flight do not pose any particular problem. Care should be taken not to exceed a certain number of flying hours in order not to overexpose the fetus to ionizing radiations. Simple physical measures are sufficient to prevent the thromboembolic risk except in pregnant women with comorbidities, an anticoagulation will be discussed.