Mentoring is a mutually beneficial learning relationship in which a mentor and mentee work together to accomplish predetermined objectives that will advance the mentee's knowledge, skills, and capacity for thought. When Odysseus, the king of Ithacus, embarked on the Trojan War, the concept of mentoring was born in Greek mythology. He entrusted his friend Mentor with the protection of his son Telemachus and his own royal household. Because of his excellent performance of the duties assigned to him, the word Mentor became a noun in the English language by the late 1700s, meaning "wise counselor." Nowadays, a mentor is a more seasoned individual who serves as a mentee's instructor, friend, or counselor. Peer mentoring, group mentoring, casual mentoring, and formal mentoring are some of the various forms of mentoring. There are several ways to categorize mentors based on the part they play in the mentee's life. Making use of the required abilities facilitates effective mentoring. There are several advantages to mentoring in nursing, and a mentor may be a great resource for novice nurses. They can offer the young person assistance, direction, and counsel as well as assist in the development of fundamental abilities and knowledge required for one's future profession. A competent mentor will always provide information that can guide the young person through a career in nursing. They can provide temporary assistance, offer insightful criticism, and assist the mentee in creating a career strategy and goal-setting.

Background: Interdental black triangles are a common esthetic concern in dentistry. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the Bioclear matrix technique with the traditional celluloid matrix technique for black triangle repair. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 24 patients presenting Class I or II black triangles. Patients were randomly assigned to either the Bioclear matrix group (n=12) or the traditional celluloid matrix group (n=12). Clinical parameters, including the Modified Papilla Index Score (MPIS), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were assessed at baseline and follow-up appointments over 6 months. Esthetic outcomes were evaluated using modified USPHS criteria. Patient satisfaction was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Procedure time was recorded for each treatment. Results: Both techniques showed significant improvement in papilla height over the 6-month follow-up period. The Bioclear matrix group demonstrated superior results in papilla height gain (mean MPIS at 6 months: 2.83 ± 0.39 vs. 2.42 ± 0.51, p = 0.03). Esthetic outcomes were better in the Bioclear group, with higher rates of ideal color match (83% vs. 58%) and surface texture (92% vs. 67%). Patient satisfaction scores were consistently higher in the Bioclear group (mean VAS at 6 months: 9.2 ± 0.8 vs. 7.8 ± 1.2, p = 0.002). The mean procedure time was significantly shorter for the Bioclear technique (32.5 ± 5.7 minutes vs. 41.3 ± 7.2 minutes, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in gingival health or plaque accumulation between the groups. Conclusion: While both techniques effectively addressed interdental black triangles, the Bioclear matrix technique demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of papilla height gain, esthetic results, patient satisfaction, and procedural efficiency. These findings suggest that the Bioclear method may be a preferred option for managing interdental black triangles, though individual case factors should be considered. Further long-term studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these results and assess the durability of the restorations.

Background: As of its popularity in eastern medicine, acupuncture treatment may help insomniacs get a good night's rest. Insomnia seems to be on the rise in the contemporary world, negatively impacting not just people's capacity to function but also their quality of life. Even if pharmaceutical therapy is beneficial, it often comes with serious side effects. The practice of acupuncture to treat insomnia has a long history in China and has recently gained widespread acceptance in the West. Numerous studies have demonstrated therapeutic uses of acupuncture for the treatment of insomnia, with many also discussing the possible processes behind the therapy. An attempt at a comprehensive overview of the relevant research will be made in this section. Methods: This research was an observational study conducted in Dhaka at Suo-Xi Hospital (Acupuncture), Shaan Tower, Chamelibagh, Shantinagar, Dhaka. A 28-year-old man presented to the clinic complaining of sleeplessness dating back three years. We used a combination of Chinese medicine and acupuncture on the patient's scalp to help them sleep better. Excellent outcomes were found in the study's subsequent follow-up. After 12 days of acupuncture, the sleeplessness that had plagued the patient for three years began to subside. Conclusion: Treatment with acupuncture has been shown to aid in the functional recovery of insomnia sufferers.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major concern in post-operative care, especially after emergency abdominal surgeries like those for appendicitis, bowel obstruction, or cholecystitis. These procedures carry a higher SSI risk due to urgent intervention and less optimal preoperative preparation. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of surgical site infections following emergency non-traumatic abdominal operations. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Surgery Unit 1 of 250 Bedded General Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh, from October 2023 to August 2024. The study involved 140 patients who were undergoing emergency non-traumatic abdominal operations, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using MS Office tools. Results: In this study, surgical site infections (SSIs) occurred in 17% of the participants. Males constituted the majority of SSI cases (66.7%), and cases with volvulus and extended lower midline incisions exhibited the highest SSI rate at 50.0%. Approximately 62.5% of the SSI cases involved wounds classified as dirty. Of those with SSIs, 45.8% were found to be malnourished. E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 45.5% and 37.5% of the infected patients, respectively. Conclusion: One in six emergency non-traumatic abdominal operations risks a surgical site infection (SSI), with a higher prevalence among males. Malnutrition is a common comorbidity, and E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the typical causative organisms.

Introduction: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent forms worldwide, with a significant increase in recent decades. Real-time and accurate detection can reduce the burdens of invasive treatments. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) has introduced multiple tools to aid accurate and early detection, categorizing dermatological images and proving especially valuable in regions with a shortage of specialists. However, the adoption of these AI-based tools requires consideration of efficacy, safety, and ethical implications. Objective: The systematic review aims to evaluate existing research on the detection, categorization, and assessment of skin cancer images. Methods: The systematic literature review is conducted based on studies published from 2018 to 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ACM DL, and Ovid MEDLINE. Study selection, data extraction, and inclusion are carried out after a proper evaluation of the studies. Results are presented in tables and figures using a narrative synthesis. Results: The search identified 687 studies from the database. However, after three phases of identification, screening, and evaluation, only 16 studies were chosen, focusing on developing and validating AI tools to detect, diagnose, and categorize skin cancer. This systematic review covers the selected studies in multiple dimensions. Conclusion: The use of AI and ML in dermatology has revolutionized the early detection of cancer, but it is necessary to validate and collaborate with healthcare professionals to ensure efficacy, safety, and effectiveness.

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) often results in significant blood loss and peripartum hysterectomy; the mother may not survive. In many cases, timely prenatal diagnosis allows for careful birth planning in a specialized facility with a highly qualified multidisciplinary team. This has been shown to reduce maternal morbidity. Scheduled deliveries are associated with lower rates of bleeding and emergency procedures when compared to emergency deliveries. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the preoperative and postoperative complication of planned management and emergency management of patients with PAS disorder. Methods: The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from 18th January 2020 to 17th July 2020. A total of 84 patients diagnosed as a case of PAS disorder (antenatally and peroperative diagnosed) and scheduled for planned management or emergency management of PAS were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 42 planned management of PAS disorder patients as Group A and 42 emergency management of PAS disorder patients as Group B. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, mean ± SD of age was calculated 26.3 ± 4.3 years for Group – A and 28.1 ± 3.2 years for Group – B. Urban population were predominant in group-A. About 30 (70.0%)) patients in group-A and 10 (23.8%) patients in group-B came from urban. Large number of respondents 22 (52.4%) and 10 (50.0%) were housewife in both groups. Among the patients, the lower class 18 (42.9%) and 23 (54.8%) comprised the major percentage of the patients in both groups. More participants in Group-A 29 (69.00%) received ANC regularly than Group B 10 (23.80%), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In group-A maximum patients presented with only USG findings of PAS disorders and with APH or without APH 26 (61.8%). In group-B, PPH and internal haemorrhage 10 (23.8) was noted predominantly. The mild anemia was more in 23 (54.8%) patients in group A and 16 (38.1%) patients in group B which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). More participants in Group-B 26 (61.9%) required early termination, whereas majority of group A 35 (83.3%) was terminated at 35-36 weeks. There was a statistically significant difference between groups. Maximum patients were managed by peripartum hysterectomy 35 (82.0%) and 31 (73.8%) in group A & B respectively. Presence of multidisciplinary team was arranged in 38 (90.4%) in group A and 18 (42.9%) in group B. General anesthesia and CV line was given in 36 (85.7%) patients in group-A and 27 (64.3%) patients in group-B. Massive blood transfusion was needed in 23 (54.8%) patients in Group B & only 3 (7.1%) patients in Group A. Placenta acreta was present 11 (26.2%) patients in group A and 7 (16.7%) patients in group B. Placenta percreta with bladder invasion and peroperative bladder injury was higher in group-B patients. More than 3 L blood was transfused 3 (7.1%) patients in group A and 23 (54.8%) patients in group B. PPH, Sepsis, Re-exploration, DIC and ICU admission were the significant complication in Group-B patients, reported 41 (95.0), 4 (9.5%), 8 (19.0%), 9 (21.4%) and 21 (50.0%) of women and in less complication in Group A 13 (31.0), 0%, 0%, 1 (2.3) and 4 (9.5). In this study mortality rate was 2 (4.8%) in group-B (due to irreversible shock &DIC). Poor outcomes were significantly higher in group-B. NICU admission for prematurity was required in 9 (21.4%) of the babies in group-A and 23 (54.8%) babies of group-B. Birth asphyxia was observed in 4 (9.5%) of the babies in group-A and 13 (31.0%) in Group-B. Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis and placenta preservation may be linked to lower rates of morbidity in mothers. For morbidly adherent placenta linked with placenta previa, we advise hysterectomy as the preferred course of therapy following extremely thorough prenatal counseling. Maternal problems and fetal outcomes may be improved by early risk factor identification and proactive management.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between oculo-orbital CT scan results and Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) in open globe injuries. Methods: In 65 eyes with open globe injuries undergoing oculo-orbital CT, they were classified into 5 major types: intraocular foreign body/air, scleral irregularity with decreased globe volume, lens dislocation, abnormal vitreous density, choroid layer thickening, and choroidal detachment. The association between different types and the number of CT findings with OTS stages was evaluated. Results: The average age of patients was 37 ± 15.8 years. The most common CT findings were the presence of intraocular foreign bodies (63.1%), severe scleral irregularity (18.5%), and abnormal vitreous density (23.1%). The most frequent OTS stages were III (47.7%) and II (21.5%). Univariate analysis showed that severe scleral irregularity (OR = 0.015; p = 0.001), abnormal vitreous density (OR = 0.095; p < 0.004), choroidal layer thickening (OR = 0.211; p = 0.006), and foreign body (OR = 9.50; p = 0.004) were associated with more advanced OTS stages (I and II). The discovery of more anomalies on CT was associated with severe ocular injuries, namely OTS I (p < 0.001) with corresponding low final visual acuity. Conclusion: CT results can aid in predicting OTS stage and visual prognosis in open globe eye injuries.