Bassey Immaculata E, Bassey Emmanuel E, Harmony Ibezim, Elusoji Christiana I, Okutepa Toyin E, Aragua David E, Anwuli Emina, Nwafor Amuchechukwu V, Osuagwu Chidubem P, Ifemenam Emeka V, Onyema Malachy
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2025; 7(1): 13-26
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2025.v07i01.003
Vaccination is crucial for disease prevention, particularly in rural Nigeria, where access to healthcare is limited. This study examines the challenges to immunization programs, the impact of government policies and local health systems, and the effectiveness of control measures. Key challenges include logistical issues, such as inadequate health facilities, storage for vaccines, and equipment, as well as socio-cultural barriers like lack of knowledge, traditional beliefs, myths, and rumors. Government policies and health systems play a significant role in immunization efforts but are often hindered by resource shortages and inconsistent implementation. Effective strategies, such as mobile vaccination units, community health education, and integrating immunization with other health services, have shown promise in improving vaccination coverage. However, concerns about the sustainability of these interventions highlight the need for systemic strengthening, including community involvement and a reliable vaccine supply chain. This study emphasizes the importance of coordinated efforts by government, healthcare providers, and community leaders to address both structural and cultural barriers. Achieving 100% immunization coverage in rural areas requires inter-sectoral strategies that address social determinants of health. By tackling these underlying factors, sustainable improvements in immunization programs can be ensured, ultimately reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in hard-to-reach rural areas.
Dr. Shayla Shahadat, Dr. Dilruba Afrose Mili, Dr. Tofayel Uddin Ahmed, Dr. Nayem Sultana Suny, Dr. Shakila Taskin, Dr. Sadia Rubana Nila
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2025; 7(1): 8-12
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2025.v07i01.002
Background: Assessing the nutritional status of young children, especially those under age five, is vital for tackling acute malnutrition and enhancing health outcomes. The 24-hour dietary recall gives a detailed view of what a child eats, aiding in identifying nutritional gaps and dietary habits. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess and compare the nutritional status of under-five tribal and non-tribal children with acute malnutrition using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Methods: This comparative observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics Community Based Medical College Bangladesh from September 2023 to September 2024. The study enrolled 40 children under five years, divided into 10 tribal (Group A) and 30 non-tribal (Group B) participants, selected purposively. The 24-hour dietary recall method assessed their nutritional status. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 programs. Results: For stunting, mild stunting occurred in 40% of Group A and 33% of Group B, moderate in 20% and 47%, and severe in 40% and 20%, respectively (p=0.333). For wasting, mild wasting affected 60% of Group A and 70% of Group B, with moderate wasting at 40% and 30%, and no severe cases in either group (p=0.173). For underweight, mild underweight was 80% in both groups, moderate was 10% in Group A and 17% in Group B, and severe was 10% and 3%, respectively (p=0.104). Differences were not statistically significant. Group B consumed more dairy, legumes, eggs, meat, fish, and fruits, and had higher energy (65%) and protein intake. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in stunting, wasting, or underweight status between tribal and non-tribal under-five children. However, non-tribal children consume more dairy products, legumes, eggs, meat, fish, and various fruits, leading to higher energy and protein intake compared to tribal children.
Introduction: The co-occurrence of diabetes and COVID-19 infection poses a significant medical challenge due to the increased risk of serious complications. Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, exacerbates these risks because of the systemic inflammation it causes and the direct and indirect effects of the virus on the cardiovascular system. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore cardiovascular risks in diabetic patients testing positive for COVID-19 in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo. Methods: We recruited a total of 206 participants for this study. Biomarkers were quantified from blood samples and sars cov-2 virus was identified using the PCR technique on nasopharyngeal swabs. Results: Analysis of our data shows that the following biological parameters are evidence of cardiovascular complications ESR: OR 1.91(1.84-1.97) p<0.001 DDI: OR 1.01(1.01-1.01) p<0.001, APTT: OR 1.67(1.33-2.09) p<0.001, TG/hdl: OR 1.78(1.48-2.13) p<0.001, CK-MB: OR 1.37(1.17-1.59) p<0.001. There was also a strong correlation between AIP and TG (r =0.86, p<0.001) and inversely with HDL (r= -0.56, p<0.0001). A strong association between AC with LDL (r=0.79, p<0.001) and TC (r=0.68, p<0.001). A strong inverse linear correlation of CRR with HDL (r= -0.79, p<0.001) and positive with TC (r=0.53, p<0.001). A strong correlation coefficient of between CPI with HDL (r=0.69, p<0.001) and negative with CT (r= -0.46, p<0.001) and, an inverse relationship with HbA1c(r= -0.22). Conclusion: The results of our study show that COVID-19 in T2DM can cause cardiovascular complications or deterioration of coexisting cardiovascular disease by direct or indirect mechanisms.
Md. Nazrul Islam Mollah, A. K. M. Anowar Hossain, Zereen Sultana Deepa, Farah Nazlee, Tahera Sultana, A K Al Miraj, Md. Helal Uddin Bhuiyan
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(6): 327-331
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i06.008
Background: Traumatic brain injury is defined as damage to the brain caused by external mechanical forces such as: A. Sudden acceleration or deceleration, pressure wave or projectile penetration, resulting in temporary or permanent impairment of brain function. B. In a rapidly developing country like Bangladesh, urbanization and industrialization have led to an increase in road traffic, which is the main cause of head injuries due to road accidents. Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic importance of CT on the outcome of head injury patients. Observation of the sequential anatomical course of pathological processes in the brain response to head injury and correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale. Methods: This is a hospital study carried out in patients of head injury referred to the BSM Medical University Hospital from July 2022 to August 2023. Total 120 patients were included; incidence of head injuries was more in males than females. The study included patients with head and craniofacial trauma who underwent CT scans. Patients were examined with a dual-slice CT, Siemens Somatom Emotion Duo. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total 120 patients were included; incidence of head injuries was more in males than females. Headache was the commonest presentation. Contusions were the most common intraparenchymal injury found in 58, followed by EDH in 52 patients, followed by SDH and SAH which accounted for 52 and 32 respectively. Intraparenchymal hematoma was found in 24 of patients and DAI in 16, intraventricular hemorrhage in 10 patients. Conclusion: Parenchymal contusions, Subdural and extra dural hematoma were equally encountered findings in our study while subarachnoid haemorrhage was seen less frequently while intraventricula rhaemorrhage was rare.
Samudrala Pradeep, Sandeep Goud Mitta
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(6): 320-326
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i06.007
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), a complex illness, include severe fibrosis, vascular changes, and autoantibodies against several cellular antigens. Incidence rates range from 2.7 cases per million annually during 1947-1968 to 18.7 cases per million annually during 1972-1982. Prevalence estimates in the United States have also fluctuated, ranging from 138 cases per million during 1950-1979 to 286 cases per million in 1985. Though the exact cause of systemic sclerosis is not known, it is widely believed that both hereditary and environmental factors like parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr, HLA DRB1*1104 and DQB1*0301 virus play a role in its development. The generally accepted classification of scleroderma is divided into two main subgroups: diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and restricted cutaneous scleroderma. Systemic sclerosis was often thought to be a dull fibrotic process, but there is now strong evidence that the pathophysiology of the disease involves an active inflammatory process. The majority of part of systemic sclerosis is determined clinically. When making a differential diagnosis, it is important to take into account a number of different illnesses that can resemble systemic sclerosis. The disease's normal progression cannot be changed by a conclusive treatment or generally accepted disease-modifying substance. Nonetheless, controlling the impacted system or systems has worked well. For better results, early diagnosis is essential. The effectiveness of treatment depends on clinical assessment, organ identification, and disease progression. In order to maximize the quality of life for impacted patients and stop more organ damage.
Dr. Mirza Osman Beg, Dr. Abul Kalam Azad, Dr. Md. Munzur Rahman
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(6): 313-319
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i06.006
Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a widely used surgical approach for cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD). Dynamic stabilization offers an alternative aimed at preserving motion and reducing complications. Objective: This study aims to compare the long-term clinical and biomechanical outcomes of ACDF with dynamic stabilization versus traditional fusion techniques in patients with cervical DDD. Method: A prospective study was conducted on 212 patients at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North East Medical College, Sylhet, from January 2022 to December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: ACDF with dynamic stabilization (n=108) and traditional fusion (n=104). Clinical outcomes, including pain (VAS), functional improvement (NDI), cervical range of motion (ROM), and incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD), were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and multivariate regression models. Results: Patients undergoing dynamic stabilization reported greater cervical ROM (58.3% increase compared to preoperative levels) versus the traditional fusion group (32.5%). Dynamic stabilization was associated with a 24% lower ASD incidence (8.3% vs. 32.5%) and a 36% improvement in patient-reported outcomes (NDI scores improved by 47.2% vs. 34.7%, p<0.05). Pain scores (VAS) showed comparable reductions in both groups (>70% improvement). Revision surgeries were required in 4.6% (dynamic) versus 12.5% (fusion) cases, showing a 63% reduction. Conclusions: Dynamic stabilization demonstrated superior outcomes in preserving motion, reducing ASD, and improving functional scores while maintaining comparable pain relief to traditional fusion techniques.
Dr Muhammad Ashraf Sajid, Dr Misbah Ul Haque, Dr Zahid Habib, Dr. Abdelwahed Samir Abougazia
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(6): 308-312
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i06.005
Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) being the most frequently affected site of thrombosis. It is commonly observed in patients with underlying disorders that disrupt Virchow's Triad, which includes hypercoagulability, stasis, and endothelial injury [1]. In its acute form, SMVT is frequently associated with intestinal ischemia, complicating its clinical management and treatment [2]. The thrombotic occlusion of the mesenteric veins leads to impaired venous return, bowel ischemia, and in some cases, infarction, significantly impacting patient prognosis [3, 4]. We present a case of acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (SMVT) in a 42-year-old man who presented to our emergency walk-in clinic with acute onset of severe abdominal pain. He was referred to secondary care, where his contrast-enhanced abdominal Computerized Tomography (CT) scan revealed thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and partial thrombosis of the intrahepatic part of the right portal vein. However, the CT scan showed no evidence of small bowel infarction or ischemia. He was subsequently managed with conservative measures.
Top Editors
Dr Akhtar Ali
Associate Editorial Board
MBBS, MD (Pharmacology) Senior Medical Officer District Hospital Baran, District- Baran (Rajasthan) 325205, India Email: drakhtar06@gmail.com
Dr Hozifa Mohammed Ali
Associate Editorial Board
Teaching Assistant, Department of Surgery, Alzaeim Al azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan Email: hozifa.m.ali@gmail.com
Dr. Tej Nath Nepal
Associate Editorial Board
Chie Medical Officer, Gedu Hospital, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan Email: tnnepal@health.gov.bt
Dr. M. Shabnum
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore-524003, Andhra Pradesh, India Email: shabnummusaddiq@gmail.com
Dr Anslem Ajugwo
Associate Editorial Board
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Madonna University Nigeria E-mail:slemjugwo@yahoo.com
Dr. Devika Singh
Associate Editorial Board
Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India Email: devsika@yahoo.co.in
Dr. Nkporbu A.K. (AmbP)
Associate Editorial Board
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist/Mental Health Physician, Dept. of Neuropsychiatry/Mental Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Email: nakpigi2008@yahoo.com
Dr. Serkan Yazici
Associate Editorial Board
Dermatology and Venereology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Özlüce, Görükle Kampüsü, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey Email: serkanyazici@uludag.edu.tr
Dr. Anil Gowtham Manivannan
Executive Editor
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Arathana Hospital, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India Email: anilthambu91@yahoo.com
Tariq Dhiyab Al-Saadi
Deputy Chief-Editor
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital- McGill University, Montreal, Canada Email: t.dhiyab@hotmail.com
Mohammed Ahamed Ahamed Abuelnour
Editor-in-Chief
Assistant Professor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dar-Al Uloom University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Email: abuelnour88@yahoo.com
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