Liver fibrosis is a form of wound healing that develops in response to persistent liver injury brought on by viruses, poisons, and medicines that are harmful to the liver. Inflammation is a hallmark of the condition, which is then followed by the formation of scar tissue via the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entrance has been linked to the host cofactor ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2). Selegiline hydrochloride is a levorotatory acetylenic derivative of phenethylamine. It is commonly referred to in the clinical and pharmacological literature as l-deprenyl. Selegiline (deprenyl) is a selective inhibitor of cerebral monoamine oxidase type B at the dosage (10 mg/day) used in patients with Parkinson's disease. Through this activity, the drug increases nigrostriatal dopamine levels, and may protect neurons against damage by free radicals and possibly exogenous neurotoxins.The exact mechanism of action for the hepatoprotective action of Selegiline was still not revealed. With intent to propose the most probable mechanism of action of Selegiline the docking based computational analysis has been performed against the hepatoprotective drug targets like PPARα enzyme.

A type of wound healing known as hepatic fibrosis arises in response to chronic liver damage brought on by viruses, toxins, and medications that are detrimental to the liver. The syndrome is characterized by inflammation, which is followed by the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and the development of scar tissue. Ephrin receptor A2 is a host cofactor that has been associated to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry (EphA2). The Abelmoschus moschatus seed belong to family Malvaceae. It contains sitosterol b. total phenol, flavonoids which are responsible for antioxidant, antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity. The exact mechanism of action for the hepatoprotective action of Myricetin was still not revealed. With intent to propose the most probable mechanism of action of Myricetin the docking based computational analysis has been performed against the hepatoprotective drug targets like PPARα enzyme.

A technique called phytoremediation makes use of a plant’s root system to draw contaminants, primarily heavy metals (zn, cr, and ni), from the surrounding rhizosphere. These are the end result of human actions such the use of pesticides, waste byproducts, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This analysis focuses on soil contamination removal since prolonged exposure to heavy metals can cause respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular disorders, cancer of the liver, lungs, and kidneys, among other problems. In order to immobilise metals and change their harmful states into less toxic states, plants use a process called phytoremediation and tactics like phyto(rhizo) stabilisation. Chromium 6 is changed into chromium 3 through phytostabalization, a process in which plants are utilised to change a pollutant’s more hazardous form into a less hazardous volatile form that may be transported. Macrophytes, such as Arbidopsis thaliana and Cgara canescens, have been found to use phytofiltration and phytovolatization to remove radioactive and heavy metals. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and sun flower (Helianthus annus) are suitable plants for rhizofilteration, which is essential to prevent environmental and health problems. A heavy metal that is widely present in soil is cadmium. Cd can be removed physically in a number of ways, with membrane filtration and adsorption being the most often utilised techniques for doing so. Chemical (in which the addition of barium acetate caused coagulation) and biological (which uses microorganisms such bacteria, yeast species, fungal aspergillus, and green algea chlorel for the Bioremediation of Cd.) approaches are also employed for the removal of cadmium. In essence, phytoremediation uses the already-existing power of plant systems. This approach is more economical and environmentally benign than conventional approaches for cleaning up contaminated soil and ground water. Since drinking water contaminated with heavy metals is thought to be the primary cause of death in Pakistan, getting rid of these pollutants is our top priority.

The perspective, experiences and insights of educators from various backgrounds, origin and educational levels were sought regarding the role of pharmacy education in providing pharmaceutical research and development workforce. These reforms must be accompanied by robust systems to assure that the quality of educational structures, processes and outcomes will produce competent pharmacy graduates in the future. It is also considered imperative that pharmacy academic institutions should establish collaboration with the drug development units, the pharmaceutical industry and government agencies for sustainability and positive research outcomes.

Vaccine development platform technologies that can produce a wide range of vaccines are emerging. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic which has induced unprecedented ramifications, severely affecting our society due to the long incubation time, unpredictably high prevalence and lack of effective vaccines. Safe and effective vaccine against coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, pharmaceutical formulation science plays a critical role throughout the development, manufacturing, distribution, and vaccination phases DNA technology can simplify the complexity of manufacturing and facilitate consistent production of large quantities of antigen. Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines have shown promise against infectious diseases and several types of cancer in the last two decades.

The impartial concerning this study was to cultivate extended-release matrix pellet of Tramadol hydrochloride using various combinations of hydrophilic polymers (HPMC, Carbopol, Xanthum Gum). The form tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The pre and post compression description of blend and tablet were judged. The in-vitro dissolution studies revealed that the blend of HPMC and Carbopol in different aggregation showed hinder release of 63% at the end of 12th hour and in addition to 94.24% at the end of 24th moment, thereby appearance good release pattern necessary for ER tablet and shown good kinetic release connected of diffusion and deterioration. Hence hydrophilic polymer HPMC and Carbopol was found to extended release of very water-soluble drug, Tramadol hydrochloride.

The antibacterial activities of many medicinal plants have been carried out to assess their potential use in bacteria borne diseases. In this study the antibacterial activities of two medicinal plants, Moringa oleifera and Dialium guineense as well as their phytochemical contents were carried out and compared. Their leaves were collected separately, dried, pulverized to powder and extracted with ethanol. The phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera and D. guineense extracts were carried out using standard methods, while their antibacterial activities were evaluated and compare using some bacterial isolates and by agar well diffusion method. The result of the phytochemical screening showed that both plants possess the same phytochemicals with exemption of steroids which is present only in D. guineense, and cardiac glycosides only present in M. oleifera. The results of the antibacterial activities are as follows; on Staphylococcus aureus, at concentration of 100 mg/ml, M. oleifera and D. guineense gave inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 9.5± 0.30mm and 7.5 ± 0.14mm respectively, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25% and 0.625% respectively. On Streptococcus pneumonia, at concentration of 100mg/ml M. oleifera and D. guineense gave IZD of 8.5± 0.26mm and 8.5 ± 0.26 mm respectively, with (MIC) of 0.625% and 1.25% respectively. On Escherichia coli, at 100 mg/ml, M. oleifera and D. guineesne gave IZD of 10.0± 0.34mm and 8.5 ± 0.26 mm respectively, (MIC) of 2.5% and 1.25% respectively. On Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentration of 100 mg/ml, M. oleifera and D. guineense gave IZD of 9.5± 0.32mm and 7.0± 0.09mm respectively. Examination of these results showed that M. oleifera is slightly more active than D. guineesne.