Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the potential of phytochemicals, bioactive compounds derived from plants, in the prevention and treatment of various cancers, including breast cancer. This study reviews the therapeutic effects of specific phytochemicals-curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, sulforaphane, and genistein-focusing on their anti-cancer properties, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Using a systematic literature review, key studies involving in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research were analyzed to evaluate each compound's efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, and preventing metastasis. The findings suggest that these phytochemicals may offer significant benefits in breast cancer treatment through multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, hormone modulation, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. However, further research, particularly large-scale clinical trials, is needed to optimize formulation strategies and validate their efficacy in clinical settings.

Background: Due to nerve damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems, people with neuropathic pain experience acute pain. This study evaluated the health effects of neuropathic pain and different types of pain according to various neuropathies. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and QOL of neuropathic pain patients. Study the most frequently given medications, evaluate patients with various types of neuropathic pain, determine the characteristics of neuropathic pain, analyse the effects of neuropathic pain on general health. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were interviewed using Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2, RAND 36 Item Health Survey 1.0 Questionnaire. Percentage, mean, chi square and standard deviation was used mainly in Statistical analysis. Result: Out of 102 patients, 44.12% were female, and 55.88% were male. Mean age of male and female was 46.60 and 47.42 years respectively. Radiculopathy patients were in the majority (43.1%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (37.3%), myelopathy (16.7%), sciatic neuropathy (2%), and brachial plexopathy (1%). Diabetes was highest to cause peripheral neuropathy. The most commonly prescribed drug was pregabalin, and combination were gabapentin and nortriptyline. The total means of all subscales of SF-MPQ-2 questionnaire was 4.56(2.10). Mean of physical component and emotional component summary was 34.30(17.54), and 42.38(15.74). Conclusion: Diabetes, trauma, weightlifting can also cause neuropathic pain. Diabetes was among top cause for peripheral neuropathy. Burning, itching, numbness, tingling, cold freezing pain were prevalent. The emotional function of patients was better than physical function.

Background and Aim: Kidney disease represents a growing global challenge that disproportionately impacts impoverished, vulnerable, and marginalized communities, leading to significant individual, healthcare, and societal expenses. The current investigation focused on assessment of the role of zingiber officinale aqueous ginger extract (AGE) on induced kidney dysfunctions in male rats as a model. Methods: This study was performed on 40 male rats divided into 4 groups each group included 10 white Albino rats. CCl4 was intraperitoneal (i.p.) injected for 3 days and following administration of aqueous ginger extract (AKE) (250 and 500 mg/kg/b.w. for 15 days as period of this experiment). At the end of this study, biochemical markers related to kidney dysfuntions such as, serum creatinine (CR), uric acid (UA), total antioxidant capacity (TAO-C), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) as antioxidant and oxidative stress markers were assessed by spectrophotometric methods. Results: The results of this study were showing CR (mg/dl) and UA (mg/dl) levels were significantly elevated in the T2 group as negative control group in comparison with the T1 as control group (p<0.05). UA (mg/dl) levels were found significant decrease in T4 and T3 groups in compare with T2 and T1. The results shown significant increase in TAO-C in T4 and T3 compare to T2, also TAO-C (U/ml) levels were found significant decrease in T2 group in compare with T1. Conclusion: This study suggested that a significant protective action of AGE on CCl4-induced kidney damage in the male rats model.

Pulmonary insulin as an alternative to intravascular, intramuscular, and subcutaneous insulin administration, non-invasive insulin administration was created and implemented. It enters the lungs' alveoli through an as-yet-unidentified paracellular process, traverses the alveolar wall, and then circulates throughout the bloodstream. Inhaled insulin was divided into two categories based on its mechanism of action: 1. Rapid acting pulmonary insulin, which quickly disintegrates in the alveoli and circulates throughout the bloodstream as fine powder particles; and 2. slow acting pulmonary insulin. Recently, two technologies were developed: pulmosol powder technology, which employs a rapid drying procedure to make insulin particles of the right size and chemical stability, and AIR technology, which is a porous dry particle aerosol technology. Dry powders, liquid aerosols in cartridge-shaped inhalers, passive inhalers, Microprocessor-controlled inhalers, and liquid nebulizers were the various ways that inhaled insulin was delivered. Many studies have been conducted to examine various intrapulmonary delivery methods, and in January 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration authorized exubera, a dry powder passive inhaler, as the first pulmonary inhaled insulin. The pharmacokinetics of inhaled insulin, dosage guidelines, administration tools, benefits and drawbacks, and candidates for inhaled insulin administration are all discussed in this article.

Herbal plants might have a great potential to be used as antimicrobial agents. Ethanolic leaf extracts of neem were investigated for the presence of phytochemical, physicochemical and their antimicrobial activities at various concentrations against some selected clinical microbes (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) using standard methods. Qualitative phytochemical results showed that the ethanolic leaf extracts contained phytochemicals constituents such as alkaloids, falavonoids, terpenoids and saponin were assayed except glycosides, phenols and tannins were all absent in the extracts of neem. The physicochemical parameters of the extract revealed the pH to be 6.42 while the iodine value was 0.634 and the electric conductivity was 48.2. The results of the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of neem leaves were effective on the tests organisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp) at various concentrations and also sensitive against cefraxone at same concentration. In this study, neem ethanolic extracts exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of neem extract varies widely, depending on the type of herb on the test medium, and microorganism. For these reasons, neem leaf might not be considered as excellent antimicrobials agents.

Ethanolic leaf extracts of Ficus polita were investigated for the presence of phytochemical, physicochemical and their antimicrobial activities at various concentrations against some selected clinical microbes (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) using standard methods. Qualitative phytochemical results showed that the ethanolic leaf extracts contained phytochemicals constituents such as terpenoids, glycosides and saponin were assayed except alkaloid, flavonoids, phenols and tannins were all absent in the extracts of Ficus polita. The physicochemical parameters of the extract revealed the pH to be 6.44 while the iodine value was 0.253 and the electric conductivity was 112.7. The results of the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of Ficus polita leaves were effective on the tests organisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp) at various concentrations and also sensitive against cefraxone at same concentration. In this study, Ficus polita leaves extracts exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Research should be carried out using bioassay guided fractionation to identify, isolate and characterize the bioactive components of the plant extracts.

Coronary Artery Disease is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries) and other parts of the body. Plaque is made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the artery. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which could partially or totally block the blood flow. This process is called atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD), when get worst, it is known as coronary artery syndrome (CAS). There are many allopathic medications which can stop, even at starting points of the disease (CAD). Hypolipidemic drugs like statins, fibrates, resins and niacin are well known agents used for prevention of CAD. There are ethnic-based medicinal herbs which can be used to treat or prevent CAD with narrow to moderate range of statistical significance. We compared Rosuvastatin 10 mg with Indian dates (Jujubes) as hypolipidemic agents. This research was conducted at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, jalo park, Lahore, Pakistan. Duration of study was two months. Twenty to seventy years old 60 hyperlipidemic patients of both gender were included in research work with written consent. We divided these patients in two equal groups. Group-I was advised to take Tablet Rosuvastatin 10 mg, twice daily for two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams Indian dates for two months. Their baseline parameters like LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic/diastolic blood pressure was determined in the hospital laboratory. Separate file was maintained for their name, age, sex, occupation, and address. After two months therapy we compiled data related to tested parameters. Paired t-test was applied to compare changes in all parameters. Their mean values with ± SD before and after treatment were compared and analyzed statistically. It was observed that Rosuvastatin significantly decreased systolic/diastolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and increased HDL-cholesterol in 27 hyperlipidemic/hypertensive patients. Indian dates used in 30 hyperlipidemic patients significantly decreased systolic blood pressure, and LDL-cholesterol, but insignificant changes were seen in diastolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol. We concluded from the research work that Rosuvastatin is potent hypolipidemic and hypotensive medicine as compared to indian dates.