Herbal plants might have a great potential to be used as antimicrobial agents. Ethanolic leaf extracts of neem were investigated for the presence of phytochemical, physicochemical and their antimicrobial activities at various concentrations against some selected clinical microbes (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) using standard methods. Qualitative phytochemical results showed that the ethanolic leaf extracts contained phytochemicals constituents such as alkaloids, falavonoids, terpenoids and saponin were assayed except glycosides, phenols and tannins were all absent in the extracts of neem. The physicochemical parameters of the extract revealed the pH to be 6.42 while the iodine value was 0.634 and the electric conductivity was 48.2. The results of the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of neem leaves were effective on the tests organisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp) at various concentrations and also sensitive against cefraxone at same concentration. In this study, neem ethanolic extracts exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of neem extract varies widely, depending on the type of herb on the test medium, and microorganism. For these reasons, neem leaf might not be considered as excellent antimicrobials agents.

Ethanolic leaf extracts of Ficus polita were investigated for the presence of phytochemical, physicochemical and their antimicrobial activities at various concentrations against some selected clinical microbes (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) using standard methods. Qualitative phytochemical results showed that the ethanolic leaf extracts contained phytochemicals constituents such as terpenoids, glycosides and saponin were assayed except alkaloid, flavonoids, phenols and tannins were all absent in the extracts of Ficus polita. The physicochemical parameters of the extract revealed the pH to be 6.44 while the iodine value was 0.253 and the electric conductivity was 112.7. The results of the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of Ficus polita leaves were effective on the tests organisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp) at various concentrations and also sensitive against cefraxone at same concentration. In this study, Ficus polita leaves extracts exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Research should be carried out using bioassay guided fractionation to identify, isolate and characterize the bioactive components of the plant extracts.

Coronary Artery Disease is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries) and other parts of the body. Plaque is made up of deposits of cholesterol and other substances in the artery. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time, which could partially or totally block the blood flow. This process is called atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD), when get worst, it is known as coronary artery syndrome (CAS). There are many allopathic medications which can stop, even at starting points of the disease (CAD). Hypolipidemic drugs like statins, fibrates, resins and niacin are well known agents used for prevention of CAD. There are ethnic-based medicinal herbs which can be used to treat or prevent CAD with narrow to moderate range of statistical significance. We compared Rosuvastatin 10 mg with Indian dates (Jujubes) as hypolipidemic agents. This research was conducted at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, jalo park, Lahore, Pakistan. Duration of study was two months. Twenty to seventy years old 60 hyperlipidemic patients of both gender were included in research work with written consent. We divided these patients in two equal groups. Group-I was advised to take Tablet Rosuvastatin 10 mg, twice daily for two months. Group-II was advised to take 500 grams Indian dates for two months. Their baseline parameters like LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic/diastolic blood pressure was determined in the hospital laboratory. Separate file was maintained for their name, age, sex, occupation, and address. After two months therapy we compiled data related to tested parameters. Paired t-test was applied to compare changes in all parameters. Their mean values with ± SD before and after treatment were compared and analyzed statistically. It was observed that Rosuvastatin significantly decreased systolic/diastolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and increased HDL-cholesterol in 27 hyperlipidemic/hypertensive patients. Indian dates used in 30 hyperlipidemic patients significantly decreased systolic blood pressure, and LDL-cholesterol, but insignificant changes were seen in diastolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol. We concluded from the research work that Rosuvastatin is potent hypolipidemic and hypotensive medicine as compared to indian dates.

Mood disorders, cognitive decline, headaches, and stroke are among the key symptoms of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, or CADASIL [1]. Rarely, ataxia has been noted as a presenting ailment in this case [2]. A man 48 years of age showed signs of developing ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed focal tiny infarct in lest internal capsule, subacute intraparenchymal hemorrhage involving lest temporal lobe, few old lacunal infarct in bilateral ganglio capsular region, right thalamus and bilateral fronto-parietal periventricular white matter. A mutation in the NOTCH3 gene was verified through genetic testing. It found a variant c.268C>T (p.Arg90Cys). We also address the potential etiology of cerebellar ataxia linked to CADASIL and other factors that could lead to a different differential diagnosis. CADASIL is an uncommon cause of progressive ataxia.

The macroscopical, microscopic, and early phytochemical studies on Annona squamosa Linn's leaf are the subject of the current communication. The herb Annona squamosa Linn has stimulant, antispasmodic, sudorific, anthelmintic, and insecticidal qualities, among other medicinal uses. All of the criteria were investigated in accordance with WHO and Pharmacopoeial standards. The quantitative evaluation of flavonoids included analysis that showed the leaf's potential.

The posterior circulation accounts for around 20% of cerebral ischemic strokes. According to estimates, 20% of these individuals appear with solitary vertigo. This symptom is incorrectly classified as peripheral vestibular in roughly one-sixth to one-third of these patients [1]. As a result, therapeutic and secondary preventive treatment is deferred from these missing stroke patients, potentially resulting in avoidable morbidity and mortality. Based on a careful evaluation of the literature, we suggest a diagnostic method for clinical differentiating of individuals with acute vestibular syndrome [2]. A stroke involving the inferior cerebellum must be recognized because it can cause cerebellar enlargement, which can lead to brain stem compression and death unless surgery is performed [1]. We report a case of 45-year-old female who had vertigo for 4-5 months and it is not associated with vomiting and posture or climate change, imbalance while walking for 6 months. She is known case of diabetes for 2 years with ongoing Antidiabetic treatment. Evaluating a central origin vertigo or dizziness is the main consequence here.

Fruits play important role in human nutrition, particularly as sources of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. This research is able to highlight essential composition available in juice of (Botria africanus), the functional composition, mineral and antioxidant vitamin contents were determined. The results identified availability of nutrients were obtained to be moisture content (20.17±0.76mg/dL), ash content (5.33±0.58mg/dL), crude protein (3.81±0.02mg/dL), crude lipid (12.33±0.12mg/dL), crude fibre (1.33±0.58mg/dL), and carbonhydrate (57.08±0.01mg/dL). The mineral contents were also identified to be Iron (3.723±0.003mg/dL), Manganese (0.405±0.005 mg/dL), Magnesium (ND±ND mg/dL), Phosphorus (31.15±0.050mg/dL), Potassium (5800 ± 100.000mg/dL), Sodium (150 ± 5.000mg/dL) and Zinc (0.016±0.008mg/dL) at the end the vitamins content were also obtained to be vit C> vit E > vit A the values are 53.6 ± 0.300> 50.21 ±3.357> 1.158±0.008, the research concluded that juice of (Botria africanus) contained an important nutritional components that are useful which are able to protect the body against oxidative stress.