Desta Bekele
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(5): 106-114
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i05.001
Potato production is constrained by a number of biotic and abiotic factors, among which poor soil fertility is the prime one. Thus, the objectives of the study were to evaluate effect of NPSZnB plus potassium chloride rates fertilizer on growth performance, yield and yield components of potato and to determine optimum fertilizer rate and economically feasible for potato production at target Assosa areas. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement with three replications. Two potato varieties, Belete and Gudane were assigned to main plot whereas six blended NPSZnB with potassium chloride fertilizers rates assigned to subplots. Totally, the experiment had twelve treatments. The interaction effects of blended NPSZnB and potassium chloride fertilizers rates not significantly (P>0.05) influenced marketable yield, unmarketable yield and total tuber yield. However, the main effects of blended NPSZnB and potassium chloride fertilizers rates were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected marketable tuber yield. The partial budget analysis was revealed that highest net benefit with acceptable marginal rate of return (1027.27%) was obtained with the application of NPK (110 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + 69 kg K2O ha-1) fertilizers. We conclude that application of NPK (110 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + 69 kg K2O ha-1) fertilizers were economically feasible to recommend for potato production in the study area.
Bathroom effluents which not channeled to a soak away pit comes out as bathroom sludge. These effluents when inhaled or in contact with humans can cause infection and disease. Fungi are one of the most ubiquitous organisms found in bathroom, bathroom floor and bathroom sludge effluents. Effluents on bathroom floor are washed off from condict pipes and come out as bathroom sludge. The identification and isolation of fungi isolated from bathrooms sludge from Enugu State University of Science and Technology female hostels was studied using standard methods. The organism was cultured using potato dextrose agar and the antibiotics chrolifinical was added to the agar medium to inhibit the growth of bacteria and support the growth of fungi. The Pd agar was used to isolate a pure culture of fungi. The fungi were further identified morphologically and microscopically using a fungi atlas as a guide. The identified organisms were Candida albicans, Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Mucor mucedo. The germ test tube was further conducted on C.albicans to differentiate it from other species of Candidiasis and a positive C.albicans was confirmed. The proliferation rate of these organisms was observed and recorded in day 4 and day 7 respectively. M.mucedo has growth rate of + in 4 days and still maintained + in 7 days. All other identified fungi had ++ in day four and ++++ growth rate in day seven, suggesting that the more these organisms are exposed to the environment, they proliferates quickly and cause diseases. These research shows that bathroom sludge effluents are inhibitors of fungi and these effluents when inhaled or exposed to the environment in contact with humans can cause disease and infection and should be channeled to a waste water pit rather than exposed to the environment. Modern building structure should channel this bathroom sludge to a soak away pit rather than channel it to the environment. Cleaning of bathroom with detergent and disinfectant should be encouraged, although it only reduces the microbial load of the fungi but does not eliminate totally.
Muhammad Shahroz, Maryam Ashiq, Maida Infal, Afshan Riaz, Zarwish Chaudhry, Muhammad Najamul Hassan, Bilawal Ali Rana, Amna Arif, Rubab Aslam, Qudrat Ulah
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(5): 119-133
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i05.003
This review article explores the emerging role of nanoparticles in enhancing nitrogen fixation in leguminous crops, a critical process for sustainable agriculture. Focusing on metal-based nanoparticles like iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) and zinc oxide (ZnO), as well as carbon-based nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the review discusses their effects on nitrogenase enzyme activity, root nodule formation, and nutrient uptake. Empirical studies demonstrate significant improvements in nitrogenase efficiency, nodule count, and nitrogen uptake in crops like soybean, chickpea, and peanut when treated with these nanoparticles. However, the potential risks of nanoparticle bioaccumulation, toxicity at higher concentrations, and environmental impacts are also highlighted, emphasizing the need for biodegradable nanoparticle development and regulatory guidelines. The review concludes that while nanoparticle-mediated nitrogen fixation holds promise for improving crop yields and reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers, careful management and future research are crucial to ensuring the safe and effective integration of nanotechnology into agriculture.
Mohammed Khadom Al-Kasser, Ahmed Sabah Al-Jasime, Lujian Ibrahim Hussain, Maryam Hasan Kazim
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(5): 134-137
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i05.004
This study was conducted to examine some heavy elements in a number of imported and local roasted grains that are available and most consumed in local markets in AL-Diwaniyah Governorate. The heavy metals were (Pb, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu). The results showed that the highest values were recorded for Fe, where 232 µg/g dry weight were recorded in sample No. 6., while Zn recorded 80 μg/g in sample No. 8. The concentration of Mn and Cu were 90 and 37.44 μg/g dry weight, respectively. The lowest value for Pb was 0.034 μg/g dry weight. From the current results, it is noted that the local, unpackaged samples recorded the highest concentration of heavy metals for all the samples studied.
Elias Meskelu
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(5): 138-153
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i05.005
Water is a scarce resource and the competition for it is increasing from time to time due to population growth and economic status change. The population growth leads to high expectations to produce more food from irrigated agriculture which could not be satisfied by rain-fed conditions. As irrigated agriculture is by far the largest water consumer in an inefficient way, improving water productivity has paramount importance both for the production of more food and for wise utilization of scarce water. Beyond these, studies suggest that improving water productivity in Ethiopia contributes to an increase in the irrigated area, reduced competition, and conflict between users, increased profitability due to reduced labor cost, water pumping and working time, and generally increased food production. Different water productivity improvement techniques and water conservation methods have been tested in different parts of the country. These include improving the performance of irrigation schemes, regulated deficit irrigation practice, partial root zone drying, application of irrigation on selected crop growth stages, supplementary irrigation, drip irrigation, surge and cutback irrigation, and water conservation methods like mulching and integrating irrigation with conservation agriculture. The level of water productivity improvement varies considerably for different methods, study areas, crop types, and seasons. Generally, more studies concentrated on deficit irrigation and irrigation application at different crop growth stages. Water conservation and integration of cultivation practices with efficient irrigation led to an improvement in water productivity. Despite few studies, scheme-level study results suggest that the level of deficit irrigation should be selected based on the available irrigation water and cultivable land area for maximizing the benefit of the scheme. According to the economic profitability, crop types and crop varieties also should be selected for production with site-specific conditions. Despite different types and levels of reduced irrigation leading to lower crop yield, the inclusion of the economic importance is essential as most crops showed higher water productivity at lower irrigation levels. On the other hand, studies on the integration of different water productivity enhancement techniques and crop planting patterns are minimal in the country, though current studies revealed better water productivity. Moreover, basin-level water productivity improvement studies could contribute to alleviating water competition and increasing irrigated areas. Therefore, studies on the optimization of these different methods could be done at the basin level for better water resource utilization. Government policies should also focus on water productivity improvement for the implementation of research findings.
Nishtiman Y. Mosa, Basim. S. A. Al-Sulivany, Zeliha Selamoglu
Glob Acad J Agri Biosci, 2024; 6(5): 154-171
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajab.2024.v06i05.006
Water is sourced from various locations, including lakes, wells, artificial reservoirs, and rivers. Contamination of these sources poses a significant threat to human health, highlighting the need to monitor water quality. This study focuses on evaluating the water quality in the Duhok governorate of the Kurdistan region, Iraq, by analyzing several key physicochemical parameters: turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), sodium (Na⁺), and potassium (K⁺). Over a period spanning from January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 1,374 water samples were collected from different sources, including reservoirs, deep wells, springs, the Duhok dam, and the water supply network within the Duhok governorate. The analysis revealed that parameters such as turbidity, pH, TH, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, and Na⁺ varied significantly across the three years studied. In contrast, other parameters like TDS, EC, TAL, Cl⁻, and K⁺ showed no significant fluctuations. The results also indicated a decrease in most physicochemical parameter values in 2021 compared to 2019 and 2020, with the exception of turbidity. Overall, the majority of water samples were found to be within safe drinking limits. Ongoing monitoring of these water sources is essential to detect any variations in water quality promptly.
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Principal Scientist & ICAR-National Fellow Biochemistry & Nutrition Division ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682029, India Email: kranandan@rediffmail.com
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School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, India Email: sanjayswamionline@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan - INDIA Email: ranger0392@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur, Thoothukudi Dt, Tamilnadu, India Email: lings02@gmail.com
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Plant Pathology Department, Nematology Laboratory, National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt Email: iismail2002@yahoo.co.uk
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Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology , Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Email: iman.akbarpour@gmail.com
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Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural process engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krish vidyapeeth, Akola Maharashtra India Email: bhagyashreepatil21@gmail.com
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Senior Scientific Officer, On-Farm Research Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute 18, Charpara, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Email: helim1367@gmail.com
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Animal Production Division ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Umiam, Meghalaya, INDIA - 793103 Email: sourabhd1@rediffmail.com
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Zoology Department, Faculty of science Beni-suef University, Beni-suef city, Egypt E-mails; ahmedragab08@gmail.com
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