GAJRC |Volume-6-Issue-04

Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences

Volume-6-Issue-04

July 9, 2024

Assessment of Microalbuminuria and Hs-CRP for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Dr. Mahmud Javed Hasan, Dr. Nitai Chandra Ray, Dr. Muhammad Abdul Bari, Prof. Dr. Md. Aminul Islam, Dr. Sultan Ahmed
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 161-168
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.001

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes and is associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal disease in patients whose disease is not diagnosed in time. Formerly, microalbuminuria was used as the first marker, but recently, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) may be useful for early diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to compare microalbuminuria and hs-CRP in type 2 diabetic patients and test their efficiency in diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study with 75 patients with type 2 DM. Demographic variables, microalbuminuria, and hs-CRP were measured and recorded. Microalbuminuria and positive or negative CRP were used to stratify patients into groups of MG, LG, and control. The t-test was used to test for differences in hs-CRP levels between the groups. Results: As for renal markers, microalbuminuria was elevated at 60% among these patients. The hs-CRP levels were higher in patients with microalbuminuria compared to patients without it (3. 1 ± 1. 2 mg/L versus 1. 5 ± 0. 8 mg/L, respectively; p = 0.001). Patients with microalbuminuria were older, their diabetes duration was longer, HDL was lower, and triglyceride levels were higher in comparison to patients without microalbuminuria. These observations were consistent with the CRP-positive group compared with the CRP-negative group. Conclusions: The research suggested a relationship between increased hs-CRP concentrations and microalbuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes. This indicates that hs-CRP could be a potential biomarker for detecting diabetic renal disease early enough. Therefore, screening for hs-CRP in combination with screening for microalbuminuria could increase the early detection of kidney complications in type 2 diabetes. More large-cohort longitudinal follow-up studies are warranted to determine the diagnostic value of hs-CRP for predicting the development of diabetic nephropathy and to define optimal cut-off levels.

July 17, 2024

Improving the Quality of Life of Women Living with Asthma: A Clarion Call for Nurse Entrepreneurs (Nurseprenuers)

Chukwu Chinenye Chituru Chichi, Oladapo Rasheed Olawale, Gbekumo Gloria, Ozu Obhosamologi Frederick
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 169-174
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.002

July 20, 2024

Outcomes of Hip Shelf Procedure in Treating Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Najib Chiboub, Mohammed Tazi Charki, Hicham Abdellaoui, Karima Atarraf, Moulay Abderrahmane Afifi
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 175-180
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.003

July 22, 2024

Phytochemicals and Antibiotic Studies of Ethanolic Extracts of Dennettia Tripetala (Mmimi/Pepper Fruit) and Psidium Guajava (Guava) Leaves on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

Ozor Joseph Okwudilichukwu, Anyamene Christopher Okwudili
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 181-189
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.004

Aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from Annunciation Specialist Hospital Enugu State Nigeria. The identified isolates were sub-cultured on sterile nutrient agar plates and incubated over night at 37°C. The identified isolates were then re-identified and characterized. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Staphylococcus aureus strain which has 85% pairwise similarity with Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain SH1 and Escherichia coli strain which has 99.62% pairwise similarity with E. coli strain AC1. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis were done on the extracts of Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava using water and ethanol as extracting solvents. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and phenols. Quinonas however, was absent in this study. The isolates were screened for sensitivity to different extracts using agar well diffusion technique. The results indicated that both the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the Psidium guajava leaves showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 10mm and 12mm respectively but no activity against E. coli. On the other hand, the aqueous extracts of the Dennetia tripetala showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli at 20mm and 10mm respectively whereas, the ethanol extract has no activity on both test microorganism. The extracts were reconstituted with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to concentrations (mg/ml) of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts were determined using agar well method. The MIC of the Psidium guajava leaves extract revealed that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts inhibited S. aureus at 12.5mg/ml. While MIC of the Dennetia tripetala revealed that the aquous extract inhibited S. aureus at 50mg/ml and E. coli at 100mg/ml from the results, the aqueous extracts of both plants generally have a better inhibitory property than the ethanolic extracts. Based on the present findings, Dennetia tripetala and Psidium guajava leaves possess the capability of being good candidates in the search for a natural antimicrobial agent against infections or diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Aug. 2, 2024

Plasma Osmolality Status in Acute Stroke Patients and in Healthy Individuals in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

Md Azizul Haque, Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman Khan, Pijush Kundu
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 190-196
DOI : 10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.005

Aug. 9, 2024

Patterns of Childhood Solid Malignant Tumours in Paediatric Surgery Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital

Dr. Sangul Islam, Dr. Md. Shafikul Bari, Dr. Md. Abdullah Al Mahmud, Dr. Mohammad Showkot Ali, Dr. Md. Shakhawat Hossain, Dr. Rubina Yasmin, Dr. Amit Hasan
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 197-201
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.006

Aug. 14, 2024

Comparison of Overall Survival, Progression Free Survival (PFS), Treatment Free Interval (TFI) between BRCA1 and BRCA2 Associated Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Dr. Mst. Jakanta Faika, Prof Jannatul Ferdous, Dr. Monowara Begum, Dr. Rowson Ara, Dr. Zakia Sultana, Dr. Tarana Tasnim, Dr. Tahurun Nesa, Dr. Sharmin Akter, Dr. Shohana Askari, Dr. Avijit Loha
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 202-209
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.007

Background: The eighth most frequent gynecologic cancer in the world is ovarian cancer. Due to its advanced state at diagnosis, it is the worst gynecological cancer. The high mortality rate is largely due to the tendency to early spreading in the abdominal cavity, and most ovarian cancers being diagnosed at advanced stages (FIGO stage III & IV). Despite a high response rate to platinum-based chemotherapy, the overall survival (OS) remains poor with a 5-year overall survival of only 30–40%. Objective: The aim of this study is to Compare the Overall Survival, Progression Free Survival (PFS), Treatment Free Interval (TFI), Platinum Sensitive Recurrence (PSR) & Platinum resistant Recurrence (PRR) in patients with BRCA mutation and without BRCA mutation. Methods: The longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) & NICRH Dhaka. A total 30 women with histopathologically confirmed advanced stage (FIGO stage III & IV) serous epithelial ovarian cancer were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: patients with BRCA1 associated epithelial ovarian cancer and those patients with BRCA2 associated epithelial ovarian cancer. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, maximum study subjects 17 (80.9%) were in ≤45 years age group in BRCA1 associated EOC group and 6 (66.6%) were in >45 years age group in unexposed group. Mean age of the study subjects was 42.3±3.5 and 30.23±4.4 years in BRCA1 associated EOC and BRCA2 associated EOC group respectively. Majority of the patients 17 (80.9%) and 18 (85.7%) 6 (66.6%) were literate and 4 (19.1%) and 3 (33.3%) were illiterate in BRCA1 associated EOC and BRCA2 associated EOC group respectively. About 9 (42.9%) respondent of BRCA1 associated EOC group and 6 (66.6%) of BRCA2 associated EOC group had family history of breast / ovarian cancer. Conclusion: For epithelial ovarian cancer patients who received chemotherapy, we confirmed survival benefit for BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline pathogenic variant carriers. This may indicate higher sensitivity to chemotherapy, both in first line treatment and in the recurrent setting. The observed benefit appears to be limited to a relatively short period after epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis.

Aug. 14, 2024

Cervical Muscle Spasm Treatment in Acupuncture in Bangladesh: A Case Study

Dr. SM. Shahidul Islam, Dr. Boxu Lang, Sabina Yasmin, Dr. Rehana Akter Lima
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 210-212
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.008

Aug. 28, 2024

Comparative Study between Continuous and Interrupted Suturing in Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

Dr. Md. Ibrahim Ali, Dr. Md Majedul Islam, Dr. S.M. Golam Moula, Dr. M.M. Hasnat Parvez, Dr. A. S. M. Badruddoza
Glob Acad J Med Sci, 2024; 6(4): 213-219
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2024.v06i04.009

Background: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common cause of symptomatic ureteral obstruction. Dismembered pyeloplasty is the most commonly employed procedure for the repair of UPJO. Both interrupted and continuous suturing is being practiced in laparoscopy. As satisfactory anastomosis determines the success of dismembered pyeloplasty and recovery of renal function, the success rate and the complications associated with the suturing technique need to be evaluated. Objective: To compare the outcome between continuous and interrupted suturing in laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Methods: This hospital-based, quasi-experimental study was done in the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka and the National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka from July 2022- June 2023. A total of 60 patients were purposively selected for the study. According to the suture method for ureteropelvic anastomosis, patients were divided into two groups: 30 patients (group A) underwent surgery with the continuous suture method, and 30 patients (group B) underwent surgery with the interrupted suture method. Data on suturing time, post-operative drain output, post-operative hospital stay and post-operative complications were collected. Patients were followed up at 01, 03 and 06 months. At 06 months, a DTPA renogram with split GFR was done to evaluate the patients. Results: The mean ages were 30.0 (±8.3) years for Group A and 33.9 (±9.3) years for Group B, with males comprising 56.7% and 63.3% of each group, respectively. Group B had significantly higher mean suturing time, post-operative drain output, and hospital stay compared to Group A (p<0.001). No significant differences in GFR were noted between the groups (p>0.05). Post-operative complications were observed in 10.0% of Group A and 23.3% of Group B (p=0.166). Conclusion: Continuous suturing technique for pyeloplasty is found to have a lower mean suturing time, mean drain output and post-operative hospital stay.

Top Editors

Dr Akhtar Ali
Associate Editorial Board
MBBS, MD (Pharmacology) Senior Medical Officer District Hospital Baran, District- Baran (Rajasthan) 325205, India Email: drakhtar06@gmail.com

Dr Hozifa Mohammed Ali
Associate Editorial Board
Teaching Assistant, Department of Surgery, Alzaeim Al azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan Email: hozifa.m.ali@gmail.com

Dr. Tej Nath Nepal
Associate Editorial Board
Chie Medical Officer, Gedu Hospital, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan Email: tnnepal@health.gov.bt

Dr. M. Shabnum
Associate Editorial Board
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore-524003, Andhra Pradesh, India Email: shabnummusaddiq@gmail.com

Dr Anslem Ajugwo
Associate Editorial Board
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Madonna University Nigeria E-mail:slemjugwo@yahoo.com

Dr. Devika Singh
Associate Editorial Board
Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India Email: devsika@yahoo.co.in

Dr. Nkporbu A.K. (AmbP)
Associate Editorial Board
Consultant Neuropsychiatrist/Mental Health Physician, Dept. of Neuropsychiatry/Mental Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Email: nakpigi2008@yahoo.com

Dr. Serkan Yazici
Associate Editorial Board
Dermatology and Venereology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Özlüce, Görükle Kampüsü, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey Email: serkanyazici@uludag.edu.tr

Dr. Anil Gowtham Manivannan
Executive Editor
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Arathana Hospital, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India Email: anilthambu91@yahoo.com

Tariq Dhiyab Al-Saadi
Deputy Chief-Editor
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital- McGill University, Montreal, Canada Email: t.dhiyab@hotmail.com

Mohammed Ahamed Ahamed Abuelnour
Editor-in-Chief
Assistant Professor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dar-Al Uloom University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Email: abuelnour88@yahoo.com

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